Nitrogen Removal

Biological Treatment:

Denitrification

Nitrification

Ammonia is converted into nitrates by nitrifying bacteria

Nitrifying bactertia needs oxygen as they are aerobic

This process is quickened by the presence of oxygen and high temperature

Nitrates are converted into nitrogen gas by denitrifying the bacteria

Denitrifying bacteria do not need oxygen as they are anaerobic

Microalgae based treatment?

WSP

HRAP

Biological filter reactor packed with iron and wood.

Anoxic Bioreactor

Bioreactor packed with foam ceramics

COD in CFM-DAS (combined biological filtrations)

the trickling filter and anoxic reactors used in this study. The reactors were set in a sewage treatment plant (STP) in Kanazawa, Japan and operated using the effluent from the final sedimentation basin of the conventional activated sludge process of the plant.

The trickling filter packed with foam ceramics (Reactor 1) was used to convert NH4+-N to NO3−-N for nitrification under aerobic conditions. The foam ceramics were synthesized by a calcination treatment of diatomaceous earth using iron and steel slag as waste materials.

CFM, Ceramic Filter Medium

DAS, Dewatered aluminium sludge,

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ThetopoftheCFMfilterboxwassealedtoprovideananoxicenvironmentsuitablefordenitrification

thetopoftheDASwasleftopentofeedandoxidize