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Anthropology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - In todays society, feminist anthropologists look at how cultures determine gender roles, try to remove gender myths and show how our ideas about gender are culturally constructed.
        
        Culturally constructed: Created or shaped by a culture not biology.
      - Example: When men gather food they're considered more dominant and women have less control. When women gather the food they are equal.
      - In the 1970's feminist anthropoligists made ure female voices were heard and included in reserch. Now they look at gender roles
  - - - Does not belive in Objective knowlede
      - impossible to have any 'true' knowledge about the world
      - Belives a number of dicaplines
      - EX. Global Metal-
        
        sub culture
        
        participant observation
      - What we "know" about the world is our own construction created by society. Postmodernists try to deconstruct and break down what society belives to be true.
  - - - Culture is determined by material conditions
        
        Ex. Sacred cows (Hindu)
        
        Ex. Communion (Christianity)
        
        Ex.Ice Hockey (Canada)
        
        Maxine Margoli case study: Even though the cultural norm in the 50's was for women to stay home, material changes (inflation) caused women to enter the workforce. Material condition drove the feminist movement in the 60's not the other way around.
  - - - Definition: Every belief, action, or relationship in a culture functions to meet the needs of individuals.
      - ex. what is the purpose of a funeral
    - - ex. what is the purpose of weddings
      - Meeting the needs of individuals makes the culture as a whole successful
- - - - Hypodecent system, children of mixed-race couples are identified as members of the less privileged in society. The definition of race has more connection to ancestry than looks.
    - - Tipo system, (types), judges your and your parent's appearance and from there sorts you into different groups defining your race. This system defines race by looks rather than ancestory
      - Brother and Sister can be of different races
    - - Similar to America, it is linked to your parents and ancestory that defines your race. The "Black Culture" has to be learned by new immigrants.
    - - Colour referes to ethnicity rather than physical appearance. An example of this is if you were a Black Canadian, you would be considered "noir blanc" or "white black" due to your Canadian background.
- - - - Practice of reflecting on your own world views, biases, and impact on the culture you are studying.
      - Reflexivity
        
        objective
        
        Type of conclusions based on facts and data and uninfluenced by personal perspective, prejudices or emotions.
      - Problems with Participant Observation
        
        Subjective
- - - - Wealth
        
        North America: In North America the ideal body shape for women is thin, fit and tall. Being thin is associated with wealth because you have the time to keep up with excersize, and dont have to work all of the time.
        
        Niger: the ideal body shape for women is plumper, showing wealth because they don't have to work and have lots of available food.
      - masculinity
        
        Japan vs Iran poetry
        
        Skirts- Canada vs Scotland
    - - Louis the xiv
      - Men showing affection (pre vs post WWII)
    - - Nature / Nurture
        
        David Reimer / Dr John Money case
        
        led to social issues
        
        this proves that you need a mix of nature/nurture and you cant only nature/nurture someone
      - Gender norms and their reflection in society
        
        Men are perceived to be stronger and more aggressive, so they do the jobs corresponding to those traits. Women are perceived to be more caring, so they are considered to be caregivers.
      - Biology and socialization work together
        
        PCOS
        
        The idea that women are NOT supposed to have beards
        
        Peeing standing up
        
        Peeing standing up is considered masculine, so if you are a man and don't pee standing up you are feminine.
    - - Verbal Participation: Getting questioned for not exactly fitting in. (e.x. A woman not having kids "Why do you not have kids yet.")
        
        Visual Participation: Only notice gender when they do it "wrong." Doesn't fit your gender norms or expectations. (e.x. Doing a double take at someone who doesn't fit your gender expectations)