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The Language of Literature - Coggle Diagram
The Language of Literature
Elements of Style
Diction- Word Choice
Formal
Words chosen with attention to rules of grammar and conversations
Informal
Conversational, familiar language, often including contractions and slang
Dialect
The version of a language spoken by people of a particular region or social group
Jargon
Language specific to a profession, hobby or activity
Colloquial
Used in ordinary or familiar conversation; not formal or literary
Slang
Words that are not considered part of the standard vocabulary of a language and that are used very informally in speech, especially by a particular group of people
Irony (strong contrast between expectation and reality)
Situational
An aspect of the story is teh opposite of what the reader expects
Verbal
Character or narrator says one thing but means the opposite
Dramatic
When the reader/audience knows something important that characters don't
Mood
A feeling that the story suggests (may reflect the tone or may contrast with it)
Paradox
A statement which seems self-contradictory but is actually true
Tone
Narrator's attitude toward her/his audience and/or subject matter (similar to narrative voice)
Imagery (language which used details to appeal to the senses)
Tactile Imagery (Touch)
“The velvety moss covered the forest floor.”
Olfactory Imagery
'He smelled like the ocean, salty and fresh.”
Auditory Imagery (Sound)
"She awoke to the chirping of birds and the soft whisper of a breeze"
Gustatory Imagery (Taste)
“The salty-sweet caramel melted on her tongue.”
Visual Imagery (Sight)
“Her lips glistened red like ripe cherries.”
Figures of Speech
Personification
Human qualities are given to something that is not human (type of metaphor)
Simile
Comparison of 2 basically unlike objects using "like" or "as"
You were as brave as a lion
Metaphor
Comparison of 2 basic unlike object without "like" or "as"
Example: “raining cats and dogs”
Symbol
In literature, something concrete which stands for something abstract
Hyperbole/Overstatement
Exaggeration, often used for humor
Motif
Recurring image, word, action, idea or situation, tying into a theme
Setting
Protagonist
Central character, focus on interest
Antaonist
person, idea, or force that opposes the protagonist
Epilogue
A separate introductory section at the end of a literary work that serves as a comment on or a conclusion to the text
Narrative Voice
The attitude, personality or character of the narrator of a text
Prologue
A separate introductory section of a literary work
1st Person Point of View
story told by a character in the story
Cultural Setting
values, social structure, region, etc. of the society/culture in which the story takes place
3st Person Point of View (story told by a voice outside the story)
Limited
perspective focused mainly on 1 character, reader knows that character's thoughs/feelings
Objective
narrator doesn't describes any character's thoughts/feelings ('fly on the wall')
Omniscient
Narrator describes thought/feeling of all character (all-knowing)
Temporal/Historical Setting
past, present, future, time of day/year/season
Theme
Authors central message or insight about life
Physical Setting
Location in which the story takes place (both specific and general)
Archetype
A recurring symbol of motif in literature, art, or mythology
Plot
Climax
Consequence of the complications/crisis' the high point of action or tension in a story; no new mayor developments follow the climax
Falling Action
Events after the climax, before the resolution
Rising Action
Event rising to climax, involves a complication (or crisis) that develops into the climax
Resolution
Final outcome of of the story; tension and uncertainly are resolved
Inciting Incident
Event that sets the central conflict of the story into action
Conflict
Struggle between opposing forces
Explosition
Background information as the beginning of the story, introduces characters/stetting
Flashback
When the author interrupts the plot to relate events of an earlier time period
Story Arc
The chronological construction of plot in a novel or story, starting with exposition and leading up t the story's climax
Foreshadowing
Use of subtle hits or clues to suggest events yet to occur
Character
Static
Stays the same during a story
Flat
Simple, two-dimensional
Dynamics
Changes during a story
Round
Complex, many-sided
Indirect Characterization
Author
shows
the character's personality though dialogue, action, thoughts, etc
Example: Her lighthouse smile beckoned among the crowd :bulb:
Direct Characterization
When the author tells the reader about the character
Example: She was a cheery, always upbeat person
Stick/Stereotype
A character type that appears repeatedly throughout literature, one which has "stock" conventional attributes (example. sidekick to the hero, country bumpkin, damsel in distress)