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GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME (GBS) - Coggle Diagram
GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME (GBS)
Types
Acute Inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP)
- the most common form in US and Europe - signs are muscle weakness that starts in the lower part of your body and spreads upwards
Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS)
- in which paralysis starts in the eyes, it is also associated with an unsteady gait. less common in US but more common is asia
Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN)
- less common in U.S. but more frequent in China, Japan and Mexico
signs and symptoms
Symptoms start in the feet and hands before spreading to arms and legs
Numbness
pins and needles
muscle weakness
pain
problems with balance and co-ordination
difficulty breathing, swallowing or speaking
cannot move limbs or face
unsteady/inability to walk or climb stairs
difficulty with bladder control or bowel function
increased heart rate + altered BP
Characterised by
Rapidly evolving symmetrical limb weakness
Loss of tendon reflexes
Absent or mild sensory signs
Variable autonomic dysfunctions
Epidemiology
can affect all age groups but risk increases with age
more common in males than females
Causes - can be triggered by
most commonly - infection with campylobacter - a type of bacteria often found in undercooked poultry
Influenza virus
other viruses e.g. cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr, Zika, HIV and Hep A B C E
Surgery
Some Vaccination
Causes
exact cause isn't known
Usually appears days or weeks after a respiratory or digestive tract infection
Patho
the immune system begins attacking the nerve cells rather than just invading organisms (this may be due to the infection sharing homologus properties with the nerve cells)
In AIDP the nerves myalin sheath is damaged
the damage prevents the nerves from transmitting signals to the brain causing weakness, numbness or paralysis
Diagnosed by clinical history/medical examination, blood tests, EMG, lumbar puncture
is an autoimmune disorder with no exact cause known. Underlying pathology is usually multifocal inflammation and demyelination throughout the peripheral nervous system, (peripheral polyneuropathy) with secondary axonal degeneration in the most severely affected.
Treatments
Medical
Plasma exchange – plasma separator blood cells by machine which separates the cells. The cells collected are returned the patient although the plasma that includes antibodies is restored by other fluids
Gamma globulin - lessons the immune attack on the cells, is an IV drug
Physio
No evidence however it suggested that individual treatments work e.g. strengthening muscles, functional rehabilitation of walking etc.