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RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT, -MADE BY ANUSHKA LANJEWAR X'A' -…
RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT
WHAT IS RESOURCES?
Everything available in the environment that can be used to satify our needs, which is technologically accessible , economically feasible and cuturally acceptable can be termed as resources.
SOIL AS A RESOURCE
Soil erosion and soil conservation
Removal of top soil is called oil rosion.
Intense farming, grazing, construction activities and other human activities; along with deforestation have led to soil erosion. Soil conservation can be done by afforestation, terrace farming, etc.
Classification of soil
Alluvial soil
• Black soil
• Red and yellow soil
• Laterite soil
• Arid soil
• Forest soil
TYPES OF RESOURCES
On the basis of exhaustibility
Renewable resources
Renewable resources
• Examples, solar and wind energy,water, forests and wildlife.
Non renewable
Non-renewable
• Example Minerals and fossil.
on basis of origin
Abiotic resources
Abiotic resources
Composed of non-living things .
Example, rocks and metals.
Biotic resources
Biotic resources
Obtained from biosphere, have life.
Example-human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries,livestock, etc.
On the basis of
ownership
National resources
National resources
All the resources that belong to a nation
i.e., minerals, water resources, forests,wildlife, land.
Community owned resources
Community owned resources
Example- Village commons (grazing grounds, burial grounds,village ponds, etc.) public parks,picnic spots
International resources
International resources
The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone.
Individual resources
Individual resources
Example - plots, houses, plantation,pasture lands, ponds, water in wells.
On the basis of the
status of development
LAND UTILISATION
Other uncultivated land
Other uncultivated land
Permanent pastures and grazing land, and un der miscellaneous tree crops groves, culurable waste land.
Fallow lands
fallow lands
Left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year ,and left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5 agricultural years.
Land not available for cultivation
Land not available for cultivation
Barren and waste land, and put to non-agricultural uses
e.g. buildings, roads, factories, etc.,
*Net sown area
net sown area
Area sown more than
once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as Gross
Cropped area.
Forest
Forests
Land under forest, i.e., 22.78%
Land degradation and conservation measures
Land degradation and conservation measures
There about 130 million hectares is of degraded land in India
Approximately, 28% forest degraded area, 56% is water eroded area and the rest is affected by saline and alkaline deposits.
Land use pattern
Land use pattern
depends on climate, topography, Pattern of use of land type of soil, population, technology, skill,population density, tradition,capability, etc.
RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
AND PLANNING
Conservation of resources
Irrational consumption and over- utilisation of resources
may lead to socio-economic and environmental problems.
Development of resources
Examples: Depletion of resources,
accumulation of resources in only few hands,
global ecological crises such as, global warming,
ozone layer depletion.
Resource planning in India
b. Making of the planning structure with
appropriate technology, skill and institutions.
c. Matching of resource
plan with development plan, etc.
a. Making of inventory of resources after their region-wise identification across the country.
Land resources
Examples mountains (30%),
plateaus(27%), plains and
islands (43%).
-MADE BY ANUSHKA LANJEWAR
X'A'