Harvard Referencing
Reference List
Provides full details of each item referred to in a list at the end of your assignment.
This system causes minimum distraction to both the writer and the reader.
Bibliography
This should be a selective list.
Details of major items you may have consulted during your research but do not refer to in your report/essay.
Signal Phrases
Example
A Signal Phrase is a word or group of words that let your reader know when words and ideas in your writing come from another source.
Citation
Mean:clearly giving credit where credit is due.
Common Knowledge
Information that is likely to appear in numerous sources and to be familiar to large numbers of people.
If you are not sure if the information you want to use meets
these definitions, cite it.
A well-known fact.
Example
Common:Smoking can cause respiratory diseases such as emphysema and cancer.
Not common:Smoking accounts for 85% of all emphysema deaths in the United States.
Paraphrasing
What is a paraphrase?
Paraphrasing Correctly
In a paraphrase, your goal is to rewrite a statement into different words and with a different sentence structure without losing the original meaning of the text and while maintaining the same general length as the original.
Following the same sentence structure while changing only a few words also constitutes plagiarism.
Using phrases directly from the source without putting them in quotation marks constitutes plagiarism.
Source
Any person or text (online, print, broadcast, etc.) from which you get information that you use in your writing.
Proper citation involves clearly indicating:
the author, title, and publication information for the print, online, broadcast, and interview-based texts that you use
which words and ideas come from which sources
when you are moving from your own words and ideas to the words and/or ideas of another
Writers perspective:
- Other people will know where to go to get more information
- I will get the credit (intellectually and, sometimes, financially)
and recognition I deserve
- My work can have a broader impact and can lead to
further research and the advancement of knowledge
users perspective
To help readers identify what else they might wish to read
“research trail”
To demonstrate the relevance and importance of the
topic being addressed.
To show that research has been done and to build
credibility
To give credit where it is due