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(spleen) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Hyperaemia (splenitis)
        
        ASF
        
        anthrax
        
        Salmonellosis
      - Diffuse vascular neoplasia (rare)- haemangiosarcoma, haemangiomatosis
        
        Haemangiosarcoma- malignant neoplasm of vascular endothelial cells
      - Congestion
        
        Gastric dilatation volvulus
        
        Due to splenic torsion around the gastrosplenic ligament with the stomach
        
        Barbiturate euthanasia - realaxtion of smooth muscle in capsule- pooling of blood
        
        Splenic torsion
        
        Common in dogs and pigs
        
        occludes veins- congestion and there might be an occlusion of arteries- ischaemic necrosis
        
        Shock
        
        sedation
      - diffuse splenic haematoma due to traumatic rupture (rare)
        
        Primary- trauma
        
        Secondary- thinning of capsule in splenomegaly, splenic neoplasa etc
    - - Storage of material
        
        Amyloidosis (rare)
        
        swollen, pale, hard firm brittle
      - Proliferation of cells
        
        Extra-medullary haematopoiesis
        
        Diffuse primary neoplasm
        
        Splenic lymphoma
        
        Mast cell tumour
        
        Inflammation
        
        splenitis
        
        cyrptococcus, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, aspergillus
        
        Diffuse metastatic/secondary neoplasm
        
        Splenic lymphoma
        
        leukemia
        
        Hyperplasia
        
        Red pulp hyperplasia
        
        macrophage proliferation- extensive phagocytosis and removal of debris
        
        IMHA- immune mediated heamolytic anaemia
        
        White pulp hyperplasia
        
        diffuse lymphoid hyperplasia- antigenic stimulation
        
        Heartwater (Ehrlichia ruminatium) Equine herpesvirus 1 in foals, malignant catarrhal fever
        
        Abscessation
        
        uncommon
        
        bacterial causes- Trueperella pyogenes
    - - Pseudo-infarcts
        
        Agonal change- immediately before death- terminal circulatory failure
        
        multifocal incompletely contracted areas of the spleen- paler areas with wrinkled capsule
      - Primary or metastatic splenic vascular neoplasms
        
        haemangioma- benign neoplasm of vascular endothelium- rare, usually solitary masses covered by thin shiny serosa
        
        haemangiosarcoma- most common primary and secondary MALIGNANT neoplasm of spleen - single to mulitple discrete to coaslescing dark red masses, often rupture- haemoperitoneum and hypovolaemic shock
      - Haematomas
        
        Benign nodular hyperplasia
        
        abnormal blood flow through the nodule
        
        splenic vascular neoplasms
        
        Trauma induced
        
        Rupture of blood vessels
      - Acute infarcts due to venous thrombosis
        
        any time you put extra cells in spleen you run the risk of infarction
        
        edges of spleen
        
        End-artery system
        
        Acute are slightly more wet with chronic being paler, sunken, firmer- necrotic
        
        discrete raised dark red- haemorrhagic infarcts
        discrete raised and pale if arterial occlusion
        
        Causes: vascular endothelial damage, hypercoagulable states septic emboli