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Nervous System McKenzie Nazionale Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Nervous System
McKenzie Nazionale
Period 1
reflex arc
sensory neuron
integration center: monosynaptic/polysynaptic
motor neuron
effector
receptor
neurotransmitters
AcH & NE
AcH is released by cholinergic fibers
NE is released by adrenergic fibers
Major functions
sensory input: info gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes
integration: processing and interpretation of sensory input
motor output: activation of effecter organs produces a response
Major parts and functions of the spinal cord
two way communication to and from the brain and body
major reflex center: reflexes are initiated and completed @ spinal cord
protected by bone, meninges, and CSF
cranial nerves
X: vagus nerves
XI: accessory nerves
IX: flossopharyngeal nerves
XII: hypoglossal
VIII: vestibulochlear nerves
VII: facial nerves
VI: abducens nerves
V: trigeminal nerves
IV: trochlear nerves
III: oculomotor nerves
II: optic nerves
I: olfactory nerves
Disorders
epileptic seizure: torrent of electrical discharges by groups of neurons
meningitis: inflammation of the meninges
hydrocephalus: obstruction blocks CSF circulation or drainage, increases pressure
alzheimers: degenerative disease resulting in dementia
Parkinson's disease: degeneration of dopamine-releasing neurons
Huntington's disease: accumulation of protein huntingtin in brain cells
Tissues
CNS Nueroglia
microglial cells
ependymal cells
oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
PNS Neuroglia
shwann cells
satellite cells
neurons
Action potential & nerve impulse
action potential: principal way neurons send signals,don't decay over distance as graded potentials do
generating action potential
depolarization
repolarization
hyperpolarization
resting state
spinal nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
connects to spinal cord via 2 roots
ventral roots
dorsal roots
Major divisions and subdivisions
CNS
brain
spinal cord
PNS
spinal nerves to and from spinal cord
cranial nerves to and from brain
Connective tissue coverings
perineurium
epineurium
endoneurium
Major parts and functions of the brain
4 regions
diencephalon
brain stem
cerebral hemispheres
cerebellum
autonomic nervous system
different effectors
different efferent pathways and ganglia
different target organ responses to neurotransmitters
2 divisions
parasympathetic division
sympathetic division
Classifications of neurons
structural classification
bipolar
unipolar
multipolar
functional classification
sensory
motor
interneurons
Drugs
opioids: causes pinpoint pupils and pleasure
inhalents: impairs coordination, speech, and judgement
MDMA: causes increase in energy and distortions in perception
Nicotine: increases nerve activity and heart rate
Psychedelics: causes hallucinations and other distortions in perception
Dissociative: causes hallucinations, distortion of perception, and feelings of detachment of body and surroundings