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1956-1970 : From the "Affluent society" to the swinging sixties …
1956-1970 : From the "Affluent society" to the swinging sixties
Introduction
Rebellions
women
nationalists (ireland)
the youth
affluence of 1950s
signs of unhealthiness
Brit losing familiar landmarks
The Social and Cultural Revolution of the 1960s
Swinging LDN
centre of pop cult
shocking lifestyles
drugs
// Establishment
rock groups figures of rebellion
carnaby street + J.Bond
Women liberation
Modernization of kitchen + cleaning equipment
free time
1979
Equal Pay
Mary Quant
mini skirt ; liberated sexuality
pill
decline of catholic church
1960s
discovered rights ; enjoyed freedom only given to M bf
Multicultural Britain?
AFT WW2
Brit immig° open to all commonwealth
1958 disturbances in LDN
++ demand for limitation
++ ppl coming bc scared of limitation
1960s
pressure on Cons party for action
Labour continued to limit immig° 1964
but attacked discrim° w new laws
see ppt = key legislation
profound pbms
poor housing + school
discrimination in employment
++ Unemployment
police hostility
institutionalized racism
Wilson = defense of multiculturalism
def°
immig trad° + customs should be included wn Brit system
enrich brit
1957-1964 : The Rise and Fall of the Conservative Party
1957-63 : Supermac/ Mac the knife
Profumo Affair
Secretary of State for war = affair w 19yo model
lied about it to Mac + HoC
MAC = "out of touch w gov"
OCT 1963 resigned
ill health + scandal + Brit loss trust of his leadership
enormous scandal damaged cons party
Period of Prosperity?
OK w Welfare State
committed to full employment + Keynesianism
Butskellism consensus (soc democ)
Greatest Success = Housing
++300 000 houses built
1959
Cut income tax
BUT 1961 ----
downturn, trade deficit
1962
++ Unemployment = 800.000
Strikes
eco crisis == ptcal crisis
July 1962 : the night of the long knives
AFT 1962
Mac + Cons never recovered earlier popT
Mac tried join EUR
FAILED
Scandals of the cambridge 4 revealed
Foreign policy
moderate line
1957-64 : the unsettled Labour Party
right wing
Hugh Gaitskell
party leader aft Attlee's retirement
revisionists / gaitskellites
Attlee's reforms =enough
labour should focus on soc equality, x eco changes
left wing
Bevan
Bevanites / Fundamentalists
Attlee reforms only start
introduce socialist republic
1951 : Aneurin Bevan resigned from Attlee's gov over intro° of charges to NHS
Clause 4 of Party Constitution
1959 Gaitskell tried delete it
division
2 sides argued in public
poor impression to voters
1963 Cons party COLLAPSE
Gaitskell dead
Harold Wilson
1963-1964 : PM SIR ALEC DOUGLAS HOME
Controversy
Queen appointed him
leader conservative party
not a good campaigner
1964 lost G.E
Lab party won w small majority
1964-70 The Wilson Years
Cool Britannia version 1
enthusiasm
Wilson = young
focus on new techno + ppl
(for divorce)
competent + in touch w modern world
BUT number of pbm
overheated eco (fake affluence)
internal strife wn party
Gaitskellites wanted TU° to follow reforms
Disagreements wn Lab Party + difficulties in power
leaders // TU°
Wilson == PM realized
eco situat° x healthy
impossible improve life of workers
welfare reforms
++ state pensions + housing
impossible too
1966
++ taxes
cut back public spending
emergency budget angered a lot of ppl
espec Lab party
Wilson trapped
high value of Pound
pbm
PM refused devaluate
had to in 1967
Relationship w TU°
difficult
pay increases frozen
anger +++
1969 White paper :
In Place of Strife
tried to modernize indus relations + practices
moderate control of TU + right to strike
opposed by TU + Lab MPs
Regional political crisis
Northern ireland + scot + wales
++ demand for indie
Small progress towards soc equality
soc progress
1965
abolition death penalty
1967
abortion legalized
1968
right to vote 18yo
1969
Divorce Reform Act
Immigration
1965
Race Relations Act
-- discriminations
1968
// prevent immig° to country
Commonwealth Immig° Act
Race Relations Board
forbid racism
x enough
Conclusion
1956-70 a period of extraordinary changes
very unstable eco foundations
The Eur Q°