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Nervous Vincent Peek Vallejo Period 1 Anatomy and Physiology - Coggle…
Nervous Vincent Peek Vallejo Period 1 Anatomy and Physiology
Major functions of the nervous system
Controlling
Regulating
Communicating
Communication is achieved by electrical impulses that travel along the spinal cord throughout the whole body
Major divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system
Peripheral Nervous System
Motor (efferent)
(Automatic Nervous System) Involuntary motor nerve fibers. CNS impulses to cardiac and smooth muscle
(Sympathetic) Mobilizes body systems during activity
(Parasympathetic) Conserves energy. House keeping functions
(Somatic Nervous System) Voluntary motor nerve fibers. Conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles
Sensory(afferent)
Somatic/visceral sensory nerve fibers
Central Nervous System
Tissues
neuroglia
Non-neuronal cells that provide a very rich support system that is essential to the nervous system
Neurons
The main tissue component of the nervous system, composing most of the main parts of the nervous system
Connective Tissue Coverings
Endomysium
Connective tissue that covers muscle fibers and contains vessels to nourish fibers
Epimysium
A sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle
Perimysium
Connective tissue surround individual mussel fibers
Major parts and functions of the brain
cerebrum
Biggest part of the brain, has relations with remembering, problem solving, thinking, and feeling
cerebellum
Smaller part in the back of the Cerebrum which controls coordination and balance.
brainstem
Sits beneath your cerebrum in front of your cerebellum, transports messages to and from the brain
Major parts and functions of the spinal cord
Voluntary control of movement.
Memory and learning
Programming of spinal cord reflexes
Homeostasis
CNS
Consists of brain and spinal cord, these send, receive and comprehend things that happen around the body
PNS
Consists of everything that comes off of the spinal cord, including motor and sensory nerves
Action potential & the Nerve Impulse
Action Potential
The sudden reversal of electrical gradient across the plasma membrane of a resting membrane
Nerve impulse
A signal that travels along a nerve fiber and reverses potential differences across nerve cell membranes
Cranial nerves
Trochlear Nerve
Controls superior oblique muscle and eye movements
Trigeminal Nerve
Largest of Cranial nerves and has both motor and sensory functions
Oculomotor Nerve
Muscle function and Pupil response
Abducens Nerve
Controls eye muscles
2.Optic Nerve
Sensory information regarding sight
Facial Nerve
Sensory information from taste and moves facial expressions
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Sensory function with hearing and controls balance
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Controls throat muscles and senses sinus information
Olfactory Nerve
Sensory information regarding smell
Vagus Nerve
Senses taste near root of tounge and controls throat
Accessory Nerve
Motor nerve for you neck muscles allowing you to turn your head
Hypoglossal Nerve
Controls tounge muscles and jaw muscles
Spinal nerves
cervical
8 nerves
thoracic
12 nerves
lumbar
5 nerves
sacral
5 nerves
coccygeal
1 nerve
Compare & contrast the autonomic nervous system
Compare
Both controlled by a greater system
Contrast
They have different components and different cells
Reflex arc
Sensory Neuron
This sends a signal about the "Danger"
Motor Neuron
Sends a signal to move away from "Danger"
Receptor
This senses the "Danger"
Effector
Moves body away from "Danger"
Interneuron
The Motor Neuron and Sensory Neuron meet in the spinal cord
Disorders associated with Nervous System Drugs
Seizures
Causes when anything disrupts the connection between nerves, including drugs or alcohol
Dementia
Caused by build ups of proteins in the brain and blocks long term memory
Ataxia
Caused by damage to the Cerebellum, which can be caused by trauma, drugs or alcohol
Strokes
Caused by blocked blood vessels, leaking vessels, or even busted blood vessels
Drugs
Opioids
Depressant type of drug
Pain relievers, slows down nervous system
Taken by pills, patches. snorting. injecting, smoking
Heroin or Morphine
Inhalents
Depressant type of drugs
Slows down brain activity similar to alcohol
taken by inhaling
Solvent aerosol spray or gasses
MDMA
Stimulant type of drug
Affects mood and perception, gives energy, pleasure, emotional warmth
Taken by swallowing and snorting
Ecstasy
Nicotine
Stimulant type of drug
Taken by Smoking, Inhaling, Vaping
Cigarettes, Tobacco, Cigars, Snuff
Increased blood pressure, heart rate, stimulants' pleasure, mimics dopamine
Psychedelics
Hallucinogens
Amplifies emotions, loss of appetite, numbness, emotional problems
Taken by swallowing, snorting, injecting
Psilocybin Mushroom Peyote cactus LSD
Dissociative Drug
Depressant
Swallowing Snorting Injecting
Ketamine PCP Dextromethorphan
Sedation Anesthesia Cognitive and memory impairment
Classification of neurons
motor
Neurons that send signals to effectors and cause motion
sensory
Neurons that send information to the spinal cord from receptors
interneurons
Neurons that have both receptive and motor capabilities
Neurotransmitters
Glutamate
Plays an important role in brain development and memory
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid
Found in the brain and also foods, has anti-seizures and anti-anxiety benifits
Acetylcholine
Most important transmitter in the PNS
norepinephrine
A chemical in the catecholamine family that functions as both a hormone and and transmitter
Endorphins
Chemicals produced in order to releave feelings such as stress or pain
Serotonin
Stabilizes mood, well being. and happiness