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4) THE IDEA OF CONFEDERATION (Beneš, Habsburg) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Beneš
        
        maybe later + Austria, Hungary, Romania
        
        confederation mainly x Germany (not x Soviets)
        
        CSR + POLAND = core of the CE
        
        1943: Soviets did not like the idea - he abolished it + conflict about eastern Poland boundaries
        
        Ethnically homogenous, unified and strong CSR
      - Sikorski
        
        1943: Sikorski died (?)
        
        1940: Katyn massacre (Ukraine):
        
        1943: mass gravs found by Germans
        
        USSR denied it
        
        Stalin killed 20 000 officers / professors
        
        invited Red cross to investigate - resistance from Stalin - Sikorsky disappeared at this time
        
        commander at battle of Warsaw, PM in exile, min of defence... hero + polit.
        
        CE federation: Poland + Lithuania + CSR, Yougoslavia + Hungary
        
        greater Poland
    - - at the beginning kind of racist - moved to more moderate approach
      - sent by Horthy / Teleki to USA
      - Middle Danuble Valley
      - revision of the Trianon Treaty
    - - wanted a confederated Habsburg empire
      - conflict with Beneš = enemies
      - Habsburg Archduke, Phd, x AH, trying to organize a pro-Allies Austrian force in the USA
      - Danubian confederation
    - - federalized central EU as counter balance to G / USSR
      - x communist, x nazi
      - agrarian politician, min of agriculture, leader of Slovak National Council
      - federation of Agrarian democracies
  - - - CE = compensation for USSR war effort
      - easier to control area if its fracted - not 1 block
      - USSR expansion to ECE: eco, ideology, agressor x victim, "Mesiah role"...
    - - recognition of Soviet security concerns
      - disinterest for the reigon
      - USA/ UK: unwillingness / incapability to fight for the region
      - W. Wilson: 4 global policemen, UN
      - W. Churchill: balance of powers, keept the Germans down, Soviets out, AMericans in
    - - Beneš x Hodža: HOdža more pro autonomy of Slovaks, more pro Habsburg
      - Beneš (unified / strong CZS) x Habsburg (Danubian confederation)
        
        Hab: 1 monarch, everyland its own parliament, ok minorities... central power
        
        big mistake before WW2: Beneš: betrayal in Munich, more ocused on minority rights
      - Pol x CZS beef about borders
        
        Český TEšín - divided city - majority POlish but very important for CSR
        
        POles took the territory after 1938
        
        Sikorski did not accept the new CZS borders
      - zhoda: CONFEDERATION but different approaches
      - eco problems, ethnic/territorial conflicts, quarreling elites, selfish, nationalism
- - - - should be protected (CZS did so till 1938 and League of Nations did not help)
      - does not recommend brutality / violence but possible transport of minorities
      - before the rights of minorities are defined, we have to define the rights of majorities and obligations of minorities
      - every nation will feel free to punish severely those members of its minorities who in the war have been guilty of treachery, espionage, tyranny...
      - when the quilty minoriteis are punished, we can design measures for protection of loyal minorities
      - 3 principles: impossible to create completely homogenous states in EU - but the mixture must be small as possible
  - - - should become a decentralized confederation
      - must return to its pre 1938 borders
      - demilitarization
    - - Yugoslavia + Greece + Albania + possibly Romania
      - Turkey must decide for itself
      - Bulgaria: resolve disputes, possible join later
    - - must take part in future organization of EU (ako contrast k German influence in ECE)
      - agreement USSR + CZS-Polish confed = good relations, unified EAST
      - unified EAST to prevail any German aggression
  - - - + Hungary, Austria, Romania (possibly)
      - Hungary cannot be allowed to keep the territories which Germany gave her as a regard for participation in war
      - basis laid in London, slow organic growth (no violence)
      - solution to eco problem
- - - - reasons: Fr revolution, influence of nationalism abroad, "everyn ation wanted to rule the otehr nation in the same state"
      - Report of the Constitutional Committee of the Revolutionary Assembly on the language bill of CZS: emperor was blamed for having left the solution of the language question to free agreements among his people - TOO LIBERAL
  - - - central power (exerted by the nations): handling foreign policy, MVZ trade, defence, currency
    - - strong LoN backed by the substantial force for those whose love for peace can be tested
      - balance of powers, to the extent of making the good stranger than the bad