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TOOTH AND IT'S SUPPORTING TISSUES (PART 1) - Coggle Diagram
TOOTH AND IT'S SUPPORTING TISSUES (PART 1)
MICROSCOPIC STUCTURE OF DENTAL TISSUE
EMAIL
Rod Interrelationships
Arranged circumferentially
Maintained in groups
Striae of Retzius
Appear as concentric rings
Demarceration between enamel and cohorts
Cross Striations
Obliquely sectioned groups of rods
Gouges in the rod structure
Bands of Hunter Schreger
Gnarled Enamel
Twisted appearance over the cusps of teeth
Dentinoenamel Junctions and Enamel Spindles
Junction between the dentin and the enamel
Derived from trapped odontoblasts
Enamel Surface
DENTIN
Dentinal Tubules
Odontoblast processes
Larger near the pulp
Thinnest at the dentinoenamel
junction
Peritubular Dentin
Collar of more highly calcified matrix
Contains little collagen
Forms hypermineralized ring of dentin
Sclerotic Dentin
Glassy and translucent
Dentinal tubules that have become
occluded with calcified material
Intertubular Dentin
Located between dentinal tubules
Consists of tightly interwoven network of type I
collagen fibrils
Contains apatite crystals
Interglobular Dentin
Areas of unmineralized or hypomineralized dentin
Failure of calcospherites to fuse
Incremental Growth Lines
Granular Layer of Tomes
PULP
Odontoblasts
Layer lining the periphery of the pulp
Larger in the crown than in the root
Fibroblasts
Greatest numbers in the pulp
Numerous in the coronal portion of the pulp
Undifferentiated Ectomesenchymal Cells
Give rise to odontoblasts and fibroblasts
Found throughout the cell-rich area and the pulp core
Dental Pulp and STEM Cells
Self-renewal capability
Can differentiate into other pulp cells
Matrix and Ground Substance
Consists of type I and III collagen fibers
Greatest concentration in the apical pulp
Inflamatory cells
Immune system cells
Derived from blood
Conducts immunosurveillance
MICROSCOPIC STUCTURE OF SUPPORTING TISSUE
PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
Elastic Fibers
Oxytalan fibers and elaunin fibers
Elastic, can expand in response to tensional variations
Undifferentiated Mesenchymal Cells
Have a perivascular location
Selective deletion of ligament cells occurs by
apoptosis
Bone and Cementum Cells
Epithelial Cells
Remnants of HERS
Occur close to the cementum as clusters or
strands of cells
Fibroblasts
Principal cells of the PDL
Large cells with an extensive cytoplasm containing
an abundance of organelles
STEM Cells
Pluripotent stem cells, postnatal mesenchymal stem
cells
Capacity of self-renewal
Fibers
Types I, III, and XII collagen fibers
Able to adapt to stresses
Having a smaller average diameter
CEMENTUM
Mineralized Fibrous
Matrix
Sharpey fibers are collagen fibers from the PDL
that are partially inserted into the outer
surface of the cementum at perpendicular
angle
Intrinsic non-PDL fibers of the cementum are
collagen fibers made by the cementoblast
Cementocyte Cells
Entrapped cementoblasts
Lies in its lacuna
GINGIVA
Epithelium
Specialized stratified squamous epithelium
Cells
Supragingival
Fiber Bundles
Network of rope-like collagen fiber bundles
Located coronal to (above) the crest of the alveolar
bone
Gingival Fibroblast
Main cellular constituent
Thin keratinocyte layer
Capacity of self-renewal and clonogenicity
Extracellular Matrix
ALVEOLAR BONE
Bundle Bone
Located on the surface of the alveolar bone
Collagen fibers of the periodontal ligament are
embedded
Lamellar Bone
Located beneath the bundle bone
Made up of cortical bone
Mineralized Extracellular Matrix
Produced by osteoblast
Degraded and remodeled by osteoclasts
Contains osteocytes
DENTAL TISSUES COMPOSITION, PROPERTIES & FUNCTION
PULP
COMPOSITION
Soft connective tissue, vascular, lymphatic and
nervous elements
Unmineralized oral tissue
PROPERTIES
Soft, gelatinous consistency
Reinforced by irregularly arranged
and interlaced collagen fibers
FUNCTION
Formation and provides nutrition of the dentin for growth
Innervation, blood supply, and defense of the tooth
DENTIN
COMPOSITION
70% mineral, 20% organic material,
and 10% water
Crystalline
calcium phosphate
PROPERTIES
Tensile strength, which provides
elastic base
Provide yellow hue of the crown
FUNCTION
Supports the enamel
Reinforces the tooth's enamel
Forms inner layer that surrounds the pulp
EMAIL
PROPERTIES
Able to withstand mechanical
forces of mastication process
Hardness makes it brittle
FUNCTION
Covering of the crown
Insulating barrier that protects the tooth
COMPOSITION
96% mineral and 4% organic material
Crystalline
calcium phosphate
90% amelogenins and 10% non-amelogenins
SUPPORTING TISSUES COMPOSITION, PROPERTIES & FUNCTION
ALVEOLAR BONE
COMPOSITION
67% inorganic material, primarily calcium
and phosphate in the form of calcium
33% organic material, collagen and noncollagenous materials
PROPERTIES
Consists of both cortical and trabecular
bone
Contains various holes where Volkmann
canals pass
FUNCTION
Contains the teeth in sockets (alveoli) which hold the roots of the teeth in place
PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
COMPOSITION
Heterogeneous mesenchymal cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, fibroblasts
Macrophages, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, stem cells, and cementoblasts
PROPERTIES
Soft, specialized connective tissue
Thinnest portion around the middle
third of the root
FUNCTION
Supporting the teeth in their sockets
Sensory receptors
CEMENTUM
COMPOSITION
45% to 50% inorganic material
(hydroxylapatite)
Composed of collagen and proteoglycans
and cementoblasts
PROPERTIES
Slightly softer than dentin
Mineralized connective tissue
Avascular
FUNCTION
Covers the roots of the teeth
Tooth support or tooth anchorage