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ELT APPROACHES - Coggle Diagram
ELT APPROACHES
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The Types of Approaches:
Direct Method
- Focuses on full immersion in the classroom environment where not one word of the students’ native language is spoken.
- Do not explain the rules to the students. Let them figure it
out for themselves.
- Do not let the students translating from their mother tongue instead let them think in the foreign language.
- Focuses on speaking far more than the importance of reading and writing.
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Grammar Translation
- Learn grammatical rules and then apply those rules by translating sentences between the target language and the native language.
- Classes are taught in the mother tongue.
- Much vocabulary is taught in the form of lists of isolated words.
- Little or no attention is given to pronunciation.
- Reading of difficult texts is begun early.
- Long, elaborate explanations of the intrincacies of grammar are given.
Audiolingual Method
- Based on behaviorist theory, which postulates that certain traits of living things, and in this case humans, could be trained through a system of reinforcement.
- Students should be taught a language directly, without using the students' native language to explain new words or grammar in target language.
- Did not focus on teaching vocabulary but drilled students in the use of grammar.
- Practice the particular construct until they can use it spontaneously.
Structural Approach
- The arrangement of words in such a way as to form a suitable pattern of sentence.
- The selection of content words is directed by their usefulness, simplicity and teachability.
- A appropriate situation should be created to practice the structure and to relate its meaning to it and to build up a vocabulary of content words even structure is separately taught.
Total Physical Response
- Based upon the way that children learn their mother tongue.
- The teacher then says the command and the students all do the action.
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Natural Approach
- It aims to foster naturalistic language acquisition in a classroom setting.
- It emphasizes communication, and places decreased importance on conscious grammar study and explicit correction of student errors.
- Language output is not forced, but allowed to emerge spontaneously after students have attended to large amounts of comprehensible language input.
Sugestopedia
- The name combines the terms 'suggestion' and 'pedagogy'. The main idea being that accelerated learning can take place when accompanied by de-suggestion of psychological barriers and positive suggestion.
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- Positive suggestion and negative "de-suggestion" by teacher.
Silent Way
- Emphasizes learner autonomy and active student participation.
- The teacher uses a mixture of silence and gestures to focus students' attention, to elicit responses from them, and to encourage them to correct their own errors.
- Uses a structural syllabus and concentrates on teaching a small number of functional and versatile words.
Eclectic Approach
- Combines various approaches and methodologies to teach language depending on the aims of the lesson and the abilities of the learners.
- Different teaching methods are borrowed and adapted to suit the requirement of the learners.
- Adheres to or is constituted from several theories, styles, and ideas in order to gain a thorough insight about the subject, and draws upon different theories in different cases.[
- Example: Psychology and martial arts.
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