Determinants of health 😨
Personal/ Biological Factors 💁
Social/ Relationship 👨👩👧👧
Environmental Factors 🌳
Government/Political Factors 👩⚖️
Health services 👩⚕️🏥
Emotional Response 😏😭😊
Personality Traits: A set of characteristics or traits that define individual differences in human behavior. These traits can be traced back to brain structures and neural mechanisms.
Example 1:Grumpy implies that the person struggles to control his or her wrath in certain situations. They would always show dissatisfy face with others.
Example 2:An optimist will accentuate good happenings while downplaying the negative aspects of a scenario. Negative occurrences are viewed as small obstacles that can be easily overcome, while happy events are viewed as signs of more good things to come.
Healthcare system
Positive health influence:
Optimists have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and a greater chance at surviving cancer.
Friends
Water Contamination
Food contamination
Industry and Agriculture: Organic solvents, petroleum compounds, heavy metals and chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers from storage facilities.
Treatment and Distribution: After passing through the distribution system, water can become contaminated due to cracks in the piping system or corrosion of lead or copper materials in the pipes.
Trash dumped near a water source can travel through the ocean and accumulate on the beaches and rivers.
Human and animal excrement from sewage and septic tank systems as well as feedlots and wild animals
Example 1: The most prevalent form of water pollution is chemicals. They have an impact on both surface and subsurface bodies of water. The major cause is industrial and agricultural operations.
Industrial solvents and metals can contaminate rivers and lakes. The use of pesticides to manage weeds, insects, and fungus on farms is another source of soil pollution. Petroleum spills can also lead to chemical pollution.
Health impacts:Insufficient supplies of safe drinking water can increase the risk of waterborne diseases
Microbes can spread throughout the body and greatly affect the organs -> typhoid fever
Hepatitis A leads to liver damage, further weakening the immune system
When exposed to unclean water, people can easily get diarrhea due to parasitic worms, viruses and bacteria -> diarrhea
Mental health problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression.
Example 2: It is a form of natural water pollution caused by naturally occurring microbes such as protozoa, viruses, and bacteria. Some of these microbes can cause illnesses like cholera and bilharzia when consumed in water. In locations where people consume untreated water, the impacts of microbiological contamination are widespread.
The tainted food is spoiled due to the presence of a foreign substance. When food is improperly handled, cooked and stored, bacteria can spread and cause unsafe conditions. Some of the food contamination cases can be caused by accident or purpose.
Example 1: When food comes into touch with or creates hazardous chemicals, it can result in chemical food poisoning. There are two types of chemical contaminants natural and manufactured
Example 2: Biological contamination happens when live organisms or the chemicals they create contaminate food. Humans, rodents, insects, and bacteria all create biological stuff. Biological contamination is the major cause of food poisoning and food spoilage*, as well as a significant source of food waste. Bacteria, viruses, parasites, protozoa, fungus, and prions are six kinds of microbes that can cause food-borne disease.
Health impactsSalmonella:
Affects the digestive system due to raw meat
Diarrhea
Stomach cramps
Bone and joint infection
Vomit
Heat
Nervous system, especially cerebrospinal fluid and brain
Another factor:
Most likely suffering from depression, anxiety
It takes longer to regain normal health
Negative-Several major health effects that personality traits can affect an individual include stress, anxiety, depression, biophysics, and more ..
Grumpy: stressed and angry, you'll shorten your lifespan,”
Pessimistic:explanatory style with higher rates of infectious disease, poor health, and earlier mortality.
Human emotions are classified into two categories: good and negative. In reality, depending on the circumstances, they would behave differently. People might feel joy in a happy moment, but they might feel fear in some dangerous cases.
Example1: In daily lives, people are exposed to a variety of stresses. Psychological stress reactions usually incorporate unpleasant sentiments, according to previous study. To put it another way, people experience a wide spectrum of negative feelings such as despair, worry, fury, and discomfort in real-life stressful circumstances.
Example 2: Emotional trauma is the result of events or experiences that make us feel intensely afraid and, in many cases, helpless.It might be the consequence of a single incident or be part of a long-term cycle of abuse, bullying, discrimination, or humiliation.
Health impacts :Many negative emotions are harmful, but particularly damaging are trauma and stress, which has many adverse effects on the body.For instance, it can lead to insomina, raise blood pressure as well as cardiovascular disorder.
Government services exist to protect people's safety and property and to provide a means of resolving conflicts. Their role is to protect their citizens from conflicts and outside attacks. The government is responsible for providing its citizens with a stable and well-functioning economy and good public services. They have the responsibility for providing social programs to their citizens, such as creating jobs, taxes, social security, and most importantly the wellbeing of their citizens. Governments are responsible for the healthcare of their citizens.
Political initiatives are viewed as a democratic process that allows citizens to bypass their legislators by voting on new laws and, in certain situations, legal amendments. There are two types of initiatives: active and passive.
Example 1: Earth Day was observed by almost 100 million people all around the world, with the goal of preventing significant environmental issues such as oil spills, poisoned rivers, and poor air quality.
Example 2: Littering was a major issue in Vietnam, thus more than 3,000 volunteers joined together on April 17, 2016, for the country's first nationwide Clean Up Day, with the objective of making Vietnam a healthier and more pleasant place to live.The organization message prioritizes environmental preservation as well as community building and the construction of litter-free urban and rural landscapes.
Health impacts: Improve both mental and physical health by reducing the number of trash as well as pollution.
Example 1: The Beveridge model is a health-care system created by William Beverdige in the United Kingdom in 1948.
The government operates as a lone actor in the market, obliterating all potential competition. This system is low-cost options and are supported by income taxes.
Example 2: Otto Von Bismarck created Bismarck model at the end of the 19th century. Employees have access to "sick funds" and private insurance policies. In certain nations, single insurers are required, but in others, several insurers compete. THEY ARE NOT PROFITABLE.
Health impacts Governments must promote healthy lifestyles and behaviors that are considered healthy within the community and family. Prevent the spread of infectious diseases
Governments must prevent the outbreak of infectious diseases in their own countries. Governments must protect their citizens from various environmental hazards that may provoke risks to human health. They must keep track of the water and air quality and natural disasters.
Social services are facilities and services that provide assistance for different age groups. Some groups and organizations and individuals may provide funds for those who need it .
Peer pressure
The influence that members of the same age in a social group have on each other. It can be both positive and negative.
Example 1: Encourage friends to study heard in order to improve their academic performance
Example 2: Pressuring friend to consume alcohol or smoke cigarettes
Positive Impact:It is good for the relationship to spend more time with your partner, to strengthen the bond, and to increase the level of self-insurance.
Negative Impact: It can deteriorate mental health , increase level of despair and society, create gap between family and friends
Example 1: Talk behind friends back " She was so annoyed"
Positive impacts: Increase happiness, reduce pressure, increase self-esteem, encourage them to change / avoid unhealthy habits
Negative impacts: Depression, high blood pressure, unhealthy body mass index (BMI), which increases your chances of getting heart disease, strengthens bad habits, and leaves you with serious psychological scars.
Example 2: Feeling safe when being friends, not reluctant to share secrets
An institution providing services that are often the first point of contact with a healthcare practitioner. These services are provided, inter alia, by general practitioners, dentists, nurses, pharmacists and midwives. "
Example 1: Get better services with expert doctors and cutting edge tools, pay higher cost for private service healthcare
Example 2: Have to wait longer, the equipments are worst
Example 1: SNAP offers nutrition benefits to help low-income families supplement their food budgets so they can buy healthful food and strive toward self-sufficiency.
Example 2: The Adoption and Legal Guardianship Incentive Payments program (previously known as the Adoption Incentive Payments program) rewards organizations that help children and teens in foster care find permanent homes via adoption or legal guardianship. The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 started the program, which has been reauthorized and changed multiple times since then.
Health impacts:
More endangered (physically)
Older adults, domestic abuse and an increased risk of mental illness
Stress leads to an emergency scenario or a lack of social services that provide pleasure.
Health impacts: It influence directly to quality of healthcare available for people depends on the types. To illustrate that, it can increase the risks for serious and disable conditions because of inadequate health insurance coverage.
The impacts of social relationship and personal/biology
Personality Traits and Friends
Peer pressure and emotional response
Negative peer pressure will makes the adolescents always feel depress and frustrate . For example, they have to try to drink alcohol to grab attention of others., even though they're not satisfy with it.
Grumpy person can wreck an intimate relationship if being outburst. In contrast, cheerful person can make the bond stronger because always show partners to their besties.
Example 3:Cross-contamination occurs when pollutants are accidentally transferred from one surface or material to another, frequently as a result of poor handling techniques. The word refers to the transmission of pollutants from a surface, item, or person to food in a culinary context. Cross-contamination is most commonly associated with biological contamination, although it may also relate to physical or chemical contamination.
Example 3: National Health Insurance Model - Government functions as a single layer for all medical processes, including both components of the Beveridge and Bismarck models.
There are private providers,
maintaining independence while avoiding internal tensions is possible with balance.
The financial constraints are minimal.
Example 3HHS is the primary federal agency responsible for safeguarding the health of all Americans and assisting in the delivery of critical human services, particularly to those who are least able to help themselves. As a result, the Department's operations include the provision of treatment and assistance to those who are homeless. Coordination of these services is crucial to accomplishing the objective of preventing and ending homelessness, both within the Department and with our Federal partners who offer housing and complementary assistance programs.
People's characteristics will be change if they play with different type of friends. For instance, the pessimistic person would feel joyful if they talks with friendly one.