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Product Design - Mocks - Coggle Diagram
Product Design - Mocks
Timbers
Timber Based Materials
Hardwood trees are slow-growing, deciduous, broad-leaf-bearing type of tree. This type of wood is harder to obtain than softwood as it takes much longer to grow. Examples include oak, ash, walnut, maple and beach.
Softwood trees grow quicker than hardwood trees. It is much easier to grow them in masses; this makes softwood cheaper and easier to obtain. Softwood trees are evergreen so do not leave their needles throughout the year. Examples include pine and spruce.
Manufactured boards are man-made; examples include MDF, chipboard and plywood.
The properties of manufactured boards include:
- Cheap.
- Easy to obtain.
- Of a consistent quality.
- Easy to handle/tool.
- [Often] Smooth
- Unlikely to have imperfections.
- Available in large sheets.
- Will not warp.
Forces and Stresses
Types:
- Compression
- Tension
- Torsion
- Shearing
- Bending
Sustainability
Sustainability issues concern meeting the needs of current generations while still being able to provide for future generations. Environmental issues concern the planet and its 'health'.
Stock Forms
- Square Section Boards - Natural wood is supplied in square section.
- Rectangular Section Boards - Thin but can vary in length.
- Moulds - Used for decorative purposes.
- Sheets - Commonly constructed from manufactured boards.
- Dowel - Cylindrical stock form.
Scales of Production
Just in time production is where materials are ordered by a manufacturer precisely when they are needed, this is advantageous as:
- It reduces waste production as the number of products produced is exactly how many are to be sold.
- Storage necessities are minimised.
- Better for smaller companies as large amount of material is not purchased.
- Customer is supplied with product quickly so a reliable reputation is built.
Processes
In the steam bending process, wood is softened through exposure to scolding steam within a steam box. A jig and/or former will often be used to ensure that the wood distorts into the desired shape.
Lamination is the process of laying multiple, thin layers of timber (veneers) on top of one another with a strong adhesive. These layers are then applied to a surface.
Finishes
Before applying a finish to wood, the wood has to be sanded. Before paint is applied to wood, it must be primed.
Types:
- Paint - Used to protect timber, cover up the grain and change its colour.
- Varnish - Can be coloured or clear; varnishes can seal the wood and make it waterproof.
- Oil - Used to enhance the colour of wood and offer protection against weather.
- Stain - Saturates wood and offers protection against weather.
Tools
Tools:
- Chisel.
- Plane.
- Sanding Disk.
- Glass Paper.
Polymers
Processes
Processes:
- Line bending.
- Injection moulding.
- Vacuum forming.
- Extrusion.
- Blow moulding.
Environment
Issues:
- Pollution (sea, air and land).
- Uses non-renewable materials.
- Climate change.
- Global warming.
- Waste production.
Source
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Fractional distillation separates crude oil into its constituent hydrocarbon fractions. This is done through the application of heat to vaporise each fraction.
Line bending:
- A line bender or strip heater is used; the sheet is rested on two bars with a heated element between them.
- Once the plastic is soft, it can be bent.
Vacuum Forming:
- A mould is put onto the vacuum bed.
- Thermoplastic sheet is clamped and heated until soft.
- Vacuum bed lifted close to the plastic.
- Air is sucked from under the plastic and it forms around the mould.
Injection moulding:
- Plastic granules placed in a hopper and melted.
- They are injected into a mould or die.
Extrusion:
- Plastic granules melted and forced through a die.
- This produces long, continuous strips of the moulding.
Textiles and Misc
Types of Motion
- Linear - Straight line
- Rotary Motion - Movement around an axel
- Reciprocating - Back and forth motion.
- Oscillating - Curved back and forwards movement.
Kevlar
Kevlar is used for body armor because it is a lightweight, strong synthetic fibre. It also has a high melting point.
Properties
Sportswear needs to be light and breathable:
- Polyester - Abrasion resistant, strong when wet, dries very quickly.
- Elastane - Really stretchy, not absorbent, can wick moisture away from the body.
- Polyamide - Thermal insulator, easy to wash.
Furnishings are often made from cotton, acrylic or wood fibres. They need to be soft but also durable:
- Cotton - Abrasion resistant, won't wear thin easily.
- Acrylic - Soft, warm, resistant to fading, comfortable.
- Wool - Strong and warm.
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Quality Control
Quality control is the process done to ensure a product meets design specifications. The product will be checked throughout the process.
Tolerance is a state of consistency in manufactured products; we would sample check the dimensions of the product systematically (for example) to check that they are similar in this regard.
The quality control checks we often use are:
- The use of depth stops.
- Calibrating and programming devices such as laser cutters.
- Prints are compared with original.
An architect will often collaborate with those in other roles such as structural engineers, electricians, contractors. This collaboration allows for more information and ideas to be shared to produce a better product.
PPE's:
- Safety goggles.
- Gloves.
- Apron.
- Ear protector.
- Dust mask.
- Use extractor fan.
- Tie hair back.
- Vice.
Paper and Boards
Foil-lined board can be used for:
- Food packaging because it is anti-septic.
- Drinks container.