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Populations - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Minimum viable population: smallest size that can live and grow
      - Carrying capacity: how much can live without permanent damage to area
      - Population density: Problems with too low vs too high
  - - - Random (eg: trees that spread seeds by wind)
      - Uniform: individuals spaced evenly, mostly due to territorial behavior (eg: plants with toxins that keep neighbors away)
      - Clumped: Groups or patches (eg: wolves/ elk in pack, beavers by water)
  - - - Populations with high biotic factors often have a high fecundity (many fast maturing offspring)
      - Doubling time
      - J curve
    - - Density dependent (eg: predators, disease, competition) vs independent (eg: natural disaster)
    - - S curve
- - - - Age structure diagrams are used to predict a population's future growth
      - Age structure affects the populations momentum
        
        Population momentum is the tendency of a young population to continue to grow even after birth rates drop to replacement fertility (two children per couple)
    - - Demographic Factors: Population characteristics such as birth rates that influence changes in population size and composition
      - Population grows when birth rates out number death rates
        
        Factors that affect these numbers include: disease, famine, and war are all resistance factors, where as access to clean water, nutritious food, and resistance to elements are growth factors
        
        Demographic factors can vary per location, but revolve mostly around health (of children), education (especially of females), economic conditions, culture, and religion
        
        These then all work together to determine the country's desired fertility (number of children the average couple would want to have)