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Questionnaires - Coggle Diagram
Questionnaires
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sample selection:
Sample selection: random (use computer programs), systematic (every kth person), stratified (each subset well represented), self selected (people in the same choose themselves), convenience/opportunity (anyone willing to take part), also case study choices but can't do much statistical analysis from these
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needs to be planned ahead: what is the research problem being addressed? who is in the sample and when and where encountered?
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sampling: who, when, where: define the population, decide the sample size, how the sample is going to be chosen, how the questionnaire is going to be used
make sure there isn't fuzzy definitions of the population
-often the entire population can't be emailed
Target and sampled population: target population (what the researcher would like to study) and sampled population (the population sampled in practice)
what biases (overestimating or underestimating the true value) are there in this? when (time of day) and where (college bar)
Minimum sample size is 20, 50-100 better
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Non-response- people might decline or you might change your mind on approaching someone. should report a non-response rate
Don't overload a questionnaire with contextual questions, aim them directly at the research goal
Names and identifiers- e.g. A1 or 1, can use A and B for different interviewers
Open and closed questions: open (choose own replies, can choose their own words and add clarifications, but are more difficult to answer but also analyse) and closed (choice from a menu, clearer to answer and analyse, but 'good' means different to different people) people can be black and white in their judgements. Closed questions formulate questions in researchers' terms.
Simple is good- no long questions or technical terms, no ambiguity, no leading questions
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Underlying human weaknesses- lies and evasion, wishful thinking, politeness, inconsistency, poor memory, unformed opinions.