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rosseau - Coggle Diagram
rosseau
a people can give itself to a king so people is a people before giving itself to a king. (there's already a people) that very gift is a civil act. it presupposes a public deliberation. hence, before examining the act where people elect a king, it would be well to examine the act in which a people is a people. for this act being necessarily prior to the other is the true foundation of society.
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this formula shows that the act of association (plurality of natural individuals associating with one another that they constitute a common self, general will, people, sovereign. subject to the general will, common self) involves a reciprocal engagement between the public and private individuals. each individual finds himself engaged in a two-fold relation as a member of the sovereign toward private individuals. as a member of the state toward the soverign
citizens make law. subject themselves to the law they make. citizens of republican political society exercise political liberty. live by the law they make and impose upon themselves. active citizens as lawmaking function, subjecting themselves to the law they make and impose upon themselves.
analogy between sovereign and political people. have a will that is sovereign not subject to the will of another and exercising this will devises rules that people live by and subjecting to those rules.
obedience of the law, one has prescribed to oneself. liberty requires law.
if the state is only a moral person (artificial person) whose life consists in the union of its members, and if the most important of its cares is the care for its self-preservation, then it has to have universal and coercive force to move each part most comformative to the whole. natural individual takes action. actions are willed actions. there's governance over the physical body of the individual.
just as nature gives each man absolute power over his members (parts of the body) the social pact gives the body politic absolute power over all members. this same power directed by general will has the name sovereignty. in addition to the public person, there's the private person who is the natural individual.
introduction of political life induces transformation. triple identity: dual identity between public, moral, artificial, and private, natural life. third: active citizen and passive citizen.
natural liberty is different from civil liberty. natural human beings relaize that they cannot alone avoid obstacles to their preservation and decide to become citizens of soverign people to overcome obstacles they cannot overcome on their own
becoming a member of a political people has a cost -> one can no longer simply live as a natural free human being. despite the cost, benefit outweighs cost.
when the whole people enacts statutes (legislative law) for the whole people it considers only itself. and if a relation is formed, between entire object from both points of view with no division (citizen vs subject) then the matter with regard to the statute being enacted is general. it is this act which i call law.
both free and subject to the laws. made is born free and in chains, are those chins legitimate. they must be the chains of self-governance (imposing on themselves the law they live by)
i call republic not enough, whatever may be the form of administration for then the public interest giverna sand counts for something,. every legit gov is republican.
can there be a way to interpret the chains so that the chains are not the chins of enslavement only?
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