HISTORY CONCEPTS
The Idea of Superman (Nietzsche)
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philosopher, social commentator, musician, poet, writer, and philologist, whose work had a significant impact on modern intellectual history.
The concept of the superman depicts humanity's ultimate growth principle in Nietzsche's ideas. It expresses faith in man's full potential and ingenuity. It entails accepting one's fate, whether good or negative; saying no to life's issues is the polar opposite of this. Nietzsche proposed the concept of the superman as a critique of religion, morality, and the modernity crisis, as well as a solution to contemporary societal problems. The Enlightenment was characterized by a belief in progress that has been made feasible by the reasoning, as well as a rejection of old ideas and customs.
The Eugenics Movement (Galton)
During the Victorian era in England, Sir Francis Galton, FRS FRAI, was a statistician, sociologist, psychologist, anthropologist, tropical explorer, geographer, inventor, meteorologist, proto-geneticist, psychometrician, and proponent of social Darwinism, eugenics, and scientific racism.
The most famous example of the impact of eugenics and its emphasis on tight racial discrimination on such "anti-miscegenation" legislation is Virginia's Racial Integrity Act of 1924. In Loving Virginia, the United States Supreme Court overturned the law, holding that anti-miscegenation laws were unlawful.
Many states initiated non-consensual tubal ligations of white persons deemed unfit to breed by the state, particularly the impoverished, crippled, and ignorant. Around the 1920s, eugenics became popular in America to assist the white race grow stronger, and many states began non-consensual tubal ligations of white people the state deemed unfit to reproduce. Even during twentieth century, political authorities were convinced by the professional authority of scientists who had joined the eugenics movement and passed legislation concerning birth control, marriage restriction, and separation.
Connection between Eugenics and The Superman and Galton
Many Nietzsche devotees are opposed to the notion that their teacher imagined "Superman" as "a new Darwinian species." The formation of a Eugenic Religion, which was a significant ally of Eugenic Science, is one of the poet-philosopher Nietzsche's abiding qualities.
Eugenics and Superman are both very recent inventions that appeared at about the same time. Galton published Human Faculty in the same year that Nietzsche published the first section of Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Galton developed the word Eugenics in the 1960s, and Nietzsche's early writings contain Superman references. However, it wasn't until I883 that the two men's perspectives converged. Thus t, a comparison between Eugenics and Superman may be justified based on a merely accidental point of view provided by an inadvertent date match.
The Theory Of Evolution (Darwin)
Darwin developed the phrase "natural selection" to distinguish himself from "artificial selection," which involves animal breeders selecting for desirable characteristics. The natural environment, rather than a human being, is the one who makes the decision in natural selection. The phrase "survival of the fittest" is often used to describe the notion, although Pobiner believes it is inappropriate. In this context, "fitness" refers to an organism's ability to live and reproduce, not its strength or agility.
Natural selection, according to Darwin, may have led to the development of many living organisms from a common ancestor. The theory is predicated on the idea that features within a population might differ, such as the shape of a Galapagos finch's beak. Those that are able to adapt to their surroundings have a better chance of surviving and generating more children with similar characteristics. Less adaptable individuals have a reduced probability of living long enough to pass on their traits. As time passes, the attributes that allow species to live and reproduce become more common in the population, and the population develops.
Social darwinism (Spencer)
Herbert Spencer is best known for his social Darwinism theory, which asserts that evolutionary processes, such as natural selection, applies to human societies, social classes, and individuals as well as biological species developing over geological timescales. Social Darwinists thought that human life in society was regulated by "survival of the fittest," a concept popularized by British philosopher and physicist Herbert Spencer. Societies were seen to be living organisms that changed over time.
Some individuals, on the other hand, have used the concept to advocate a certain viewpoint on human social, political, or economic issues. All of these ideas have one flaw in common, use a completely scientific premise to achieve a completely nonscientific purpose. In the meanwhile, they misread and misappropriate Darwin's original notions.
Connection between the theory of evolution and social darwinism
Darwinism is the phrase used to describe the gradual change in a species of animals over time, often known as evolution. The distinction between these two words is that Darwinism is the theory of natural selection, while social Darwinism is the selection of the most suited kind of organism.
Whereas the expression has been connected with the idea that Darwin's theory of evolution selection can be used to describe a nation's or country's social persistence, it is most commonly used to refer to prior to Darwin's release of On the Origin of Species.
Richard Dawkins and the Selfish Gene
The core premise is that each individual's activity is solely self-serving, with no intention of benefiting the broader population to which the actor belongs, genes as parts of an organism. The war for survival, according to Dawkins, is always conducted at the level of the individual gene... Dawkins would have us think that alleles, or various variations of the same gene, compete instead of individuals.
While there are associations in reproduction, the selfish-gene model's self-selecting mechanism quickly becomes unbalanced, resulting in less than 100% mixing of alleles in the gene pool. This could occur as a result of a number of reasons, such as partner selection and total remoteness.
MARINA LIBMAN