Functional styles

Publicist / media style

The style of official documents

Scientific / academic style

Familiar colloquial style

Literary colloquial style

Phonetic features

Morphological features

Syntactical features

Compositional features

Lexical features

Standard pronunciation in compliance with the national norm, enunciation.

Phonetic compression of frequently used forms.

Omission of unaccented elements due to the quick tempo.

Use of regular morphological features, with interception of evaluative suffixes.

Prevalence of active and finite verb forms.

Use of simple sentences with a number of participial and infinitive
constructions and numerous parentheses.

Syntactically correct utterances compliant with the literary norm.

Use of various types of syntactical compression, simplicity of syntactical
connection.

Use of grammar forms for emphatic purposes.

Decomposition and ellipsis of sentences in a dialogue.

Use of special colloquial phrases.

Wide range of vocabulary strata.

Basic stock of communicative vocabulary—stylistically neutral.

Use of socially accepted contracted forms and abbreviations.

Use of etiquette language and conversational formulas.

Extensive use of intensifiers and gap-fillers.

Use of interjections and exclamations.

Extensive use of phrasal verbs.

Use of words of indefinite meaning.

Avoidance of slang, vulgarisms, dialect words, jargon.

Use of phraseological expressions, idioms and figures of speech.

Can be used in written and spoken varieties: dialogue, monologue, personal
letters, diaries, essays, articles, etc.

Prepared types of texts may have thought out and logical composition, to a
certain extent determined by conventional forms.

Spontaneous types have a loose structure, relative coherence and uniformity
of form and content.

Phonetic features

Morphological features

Syntactical features

Lexical features

Compositional features

Casual and often careless pronunciation, use of deviant forms.

Use of reduced and contracted forms.

Omission of unaccented elements due to quick tempo.

Emphasis on intonation.

Use of onomatopoeic words.

Use of evaluative suffixes, nonce words formed on morphological and
phonetic analogy with other nominal words.

Use of simple short sentences.

Dialogues are usually of the question-answer type.

Use of echo questions, parallel structures, repetitions of various kinds.

In complex sentences asyndetic coordination is the norm.

Coordination is used more often than subordination.

Extensive use of ellipsis.

Extensive use of syntactic tautology.

Abundance of gap-fillers and parenthetical elements.

Combination of neutral, familiar and low colloquial vocabulary.

Extensive use of words of general meaning.

Limited vocabulary resources.

Abundance of specific colloquial interjections.

Use of hyperbole, epithets, evaluative vocabulary, trite metaphors and simile.

Tautological substitution of personal pronouns and names by other nouns.

Mixture of curse words and euphemisms.

Extensive use of collocations and phrasal verbs instead of neutral and literary
equivalents.

Use of deviant language on all levels.

Strong emotional colouring.

Loose syntactical organization of an utterance.

Frequently little coherence or adherence to the topic.

No special compositional patterns.

Morphological features

Phonetic features

Syntactical features

Compositioval features

Lexical features

Synthatical features

Lexical features

Compositional features

Mothological features

Morphological features

Compositional features

Synthatical features

Lexical features

Standard pronunciation, wide use of prosody.

Phonetic compression.

Frequent use of non-finite verb forms.

Use of non-perfect verb forms.

Omission of articles, link verbs, auxiliaries, pronouns, especially in
headlines and news items.

Frequent use of rhetorical questions and interrogatives in oratory speech.

Prepositional phrases are used much more than synonymous gerundial
phrases.

Absence of complex coordination with chain of subordinate clauses and a
number of conjunctions.

Absence of exclamatory sentences, break-in-the narrative, other expressively
charged constructions.

Articles demonstrate more syntactical organization and logical arrangement
of sentences.

Newspaper clichés and set phrases.

Terminological variety.

Abbreviations and acronyms.

Numerous proper names, toponyms, anthroponyms, names of enterprises,
institutions, international words, dates and figures.

Abstract notion words, elevated and bookish words.

Use of conventional forms of address and trite phases.

Text arrangement is marked by precision, logic and expressive power.

Carefully selected vocabulary.

Variety of topics.

Wide use of quotations, direct speech and represented speech.

Use of parallel constructions throughout the text.

Careful subdivision into paragraphs, clearly defined position of the sections
of an article.

Adherence to the norm, sometimes outdated or even archaic.

Use of long complex sentences with several types of coordination and
subordination.

Use of passive and participial constructions, numerous connectives.

Use of objects, attributes and all sorts of modifiers in the identifying and
explanatory function.

Extensive use of detached constructions and parenthesis.

Use of participle I and participle II.

Combining several pronouncements into one
sentence.

Information texts are based on standard normative syntax reasonably
simplified.

Prevalence of stylistically neutral and bookish vocabulary.

Use of terminology.

Use of proper names and titles.

Abstraction of persons.

Conventional and archaic forms and words.

Officialese vocabulary.

Foreign words.

Abbreviations, contractions, conventional symbols.

Use of words in their primary denotative meaning.

Absence of tropes, no evaluative and emotive colouring of vocabulary.

Seldom use of substitute words.

Special compositional design.

Conventional composition of treaties, agreements, protocols.

Use of stereotyped, official phraseology.

Accurate use of punctuation.

Generally objective, concrete, unemotional and impersonal style of
narration.

Terminological word building and word-derivation.

Restricted use of finite verb forms.

Use of 'the author's we' instead of I.

Frequent use of impersonal constructions.

Complete and standard syntactical mode of expression.

Syntactical precision.

Direct word order.

Use of lengthy sentences with subordinate clauses.

Extensive use of adverbial and prepositional phrases.

Preferential use of prepositional attributive groups instead of the descriptive
of phrase.

Abundance of attributive groups with a descriptive function.

Frequent use of parenthesis introduced by a dash.

Extensive use of participial, gerundial and infinitive complexes.

Frequent use of passive and non-finite verb forms.

Use of impersonal forms and sentences.

Prevalence of nominal constructions over the verbal ones.

Avoidance of ellipsis, even usually omitted conjunctions.

Extensive use of bookish words.

Abundance of scientific terminology and phraseology.

Use of words in their primary dictionary meaning, restricted use of
connotative contextual meanings.

Use of numerous neologisms.

Abundance of proper names.

Restricted use of emotive colouring, interjections, expressive phraseology,
phrasal verbs, colloquial vocabulary.

Seldom use of tropes.

Types of texts compositionally depend on the scientific genre.

Logical and consistent narration, sequential presentation of material and facts.

Extensive use of citation, references and foot-notes.

Restricted use of expressive means and stylistic devices.

Extensive use of conventional set phrases at certain points to emphasize the
logical character of the narration.

Use of digressions to debate or support a certain point.

Definite structural arrangement in a hierarchical order.

Special set of connective phrases and words to sustain coherence and logic.

Extensive use of double conjunctions.

Compositionally arranged sentence patterns.