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Introduction to a Visual IDE - Coggle Diagram
Introduction to a Visual IDE
Introduction to Visual IDE
A computer is a device that follows instruction for manipulating and storing data.
• Computer program is a set of instruction that a computer follows to perform a task.
• When a programmer begins the process of writing program, one of the first things to be developed is an algorithm.
Algorithm is a set of well-defined logical steps that must be taken in order to perform a task.
• Generally, there are 5 steps in programming development life cycle:
Problem definition/ analysis
Algorithm design
Algorithm implementation/coding
Program testing and debugging
Program maintenance and documentation
Objects
• Definition: An object is a program bundle of variables and related methods • Object is defined by its properties and its methods.
• Real-world objects share two characteristics:
• State (an object maintains its state/property in one or more variables) • A variable is an item of data named by an identifier
• Behavior (an object implements its behavior with methods)
• A method is a function (subroutine) associated with an object
• For example, dogs have states/properties (name, color, breed, hungry) and behaviors (barking, fetching, and wagging tail)
• In Alice 3,
• An object has properties (states), which specify the object’s characteristics.
• Objects also have methods (behavior), which are actions that the object is capable of performing.
• The method in Alice 3 will be define in Procedure and Function (will be discussed further in Topic 5).
Classes
• Definition: A class is a blueprint that defines the variables and the methods common to all objects of a certain kind
• In the real world, you often have many objects of the same kind
• For example, your car is just one of many vehicles in the world
• This means that car is one of the choices within the vehicle class
• Using object-oriented terminology, we say that your car object is an instance of the class of objects known as vehicles
• Vehicles have some state (four wheels) and behavior (accelerate, brake) in common. • However, each vehicle's state is independent of and can be different from that of other vehicles
Do together vs Do in order
• Usually instructions are executed one after the other as in the algorithm design (Do-in-order).
• The Do-together structure can be used to execute a set of instructions simultaneously.
• Which is simply a group of instructions that Alice 3 executes at the same time instead of one after the other.
• You can specify different durations for the individual instructions inside a Do together structure.
• This means that some of the instructions will finish before others when the structure executes.
• If you want to make sure that all of the actions performed by a Do-together
Do together
bunny1 move forward
bunny2 move forward
End of Do together
bunny1 say “Hello”
bunny2 say “Hi there”
Composite Objects
• Objects are commonly made of other objects.
• In fact, an Alice world is itself an object made up of all the objects contained within the world.
• Composite object include class objects as instance variables of other classes.
• For example, the snowman object is a combination of three other objects: a bottom section, a middle section, and a head section.