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2. National revival of imagined communities (Herzl, Porter -not obligat) -…

- - - - EU nationalism
      - modern anti-semitism
      - religious teaching
      - East-EU masses in povetry
    - - POLITICAL
      - PRACTICAL
      - CULTURAL
    - - inspo east-central nationalism for Zionism
      - nationalistic fight of Jews, East Central EU states
      - Zionism leaders born in East-Central EU
      - migration of Jews from East-Central EU (polish, Russian...)
    - - by organizing the whole of Jewry in suitable local and general bodies in accordance with the laws of their respective countries
      - by strengthening the National Jewish feeling and National Consciousness
      - by fostering the settlement of Palestine with farmers, labourers, artisans
      - by taking preparotry steps to attain government consent which may be necessary to reach the aim of Zionism
      - Zionism seeks for the Jewish People a publicly recognized leally secured homeland in Palestine
  - - - not religious nor social = but NATIONAL question = international political problem
      - when it is not resolved = antisemitism continues (Fr, VB...)
    - - persecution, opression of Jews in other nations (attacks)
      - outsiders of the society (ghettos)
      - discrimination (high offices in the army, public/private sectors, "don´t buy from Jew"...)
      - taxes on Jewish villages (Russia), beatings (germany), outsiders (France)....
      - CAUSES
        
        nation: discriminatory legislatin + inhumanity
        
        jews to ghettos: remarkable developed into a burgeois people - when they left ghetto they are rivals to the middle class
        
        outgrowth of emancipation of the Jews
        
        WHEN THEY SINK: people assume: "dangerous revolutionary proletariat" - corporals of every revolutionary party
        
        loss of assimilation during the Middle Ages
        
        WHEN THEY RISE: people assume "terrifying financial power"
      - EFFECTS
        
        "WE ARE ONE PEOPLE - OUR ENEMY MADE US ONE"
        
        oppression crates hostility x opressor - hostility increases pressure = * vicious circle
      - everywhere where Jews arrive
      - SOLUTIONS
        
        conversion to Christianity
        
        Dreyfuss affair: Dreyfuss jew who converted to christianism
        
        FAIL
        
        Jews = not a religious problem
        
        independent + legal country for Jews
    - - when we become politically secure for any length of time, we assimilate
      - only by INTERMARRIAGE (mostly in aristocracy)
      - those Jews who rose highest intelectually and MAT = lost the sense of unity with their people
      - charity institutions = philanthrpic trying for assimilation of Jews
    - - 1st * powerful IDEA
      - objective: * sovereign JEWISH STATE
      - solution of Jewish question (the right one), in accordance with law
      - to preserve faith of our fathers
      - Plan executed by 2 agencies: The society of Jews (preparation scientific + political plan), the Jewish Company (execution)
      - poorest 1st: cultivate the soil, construction of roads, infrastructure...
      - their labour will create trade - trade will make markets - markets will attract new settlers
      - ARGENTINA xxx PALESTINE
        
        A: fertile soil, sparsely populated, vast area, temperate climate
        
        P: historic homeland (nbv), neutral state in connection with EU,
        
        "If sultan gave the palestine to us, we should in return undertake the complete management of the finances of Turkey"
      - 3 principal sections: SOCIETY OF JEWS ( 1st), local groups, The Jewish Company (last)
      - The Jewish company:
        
        following in the footsteps of the numerous Chartered Companies which had a major role in the outward expansion of various European powers since the 16th century.
        
        partly modeled on the lines of a great land-acquisition company
        
        would have charge of both of the properties of all Jews in their present countries and of the lands and properties in the coming Jewish State; it would dispose of the former and provide every Jew with equivalent properties in the new land
        
        subject to English jurisdiction, framed according to English laws,
        
        Jewish colonial trust (London) - neskôr BANK LEUMI
    - - antisemitism, assimilation (higher class only)
      - without their own land, "scattered all over the world" (host nations), confined in ghettos (bc pogroms, antisemitism...)
      - opresssion, persecution, nbv intolerance, x Jewish migration...
- - - - WEST: organic developmnet of nation states, (more) fixed borders...
      - EAST: national culture, nation states must be fought for, created and defended
    - - refusal, end of passive resistance (1879)