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XII, Cranial Nerve Clock, I (OLFACTORY NERVE: Afferent, transmits the…
XII
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE: An efferent nerve, controlling tongue movements. This nerve originate in the motor nuclei of the medulla, passing through the hypoglossal canals of the occipital bone, to reach the tongue muscle.
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Cranial Nerve Clock
IX
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE: Mixed nerve that carries afferent sensory and efferent component of pharyngeal muscle and stylopharyngeus muscle. The afferent component is for the oropharynx and for taste and general sensation from the base of the tongue.
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I
OLFACTORY NERVE: Afferent, transmits the smell from nasal to the brain. Enters cranium through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
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II
OPTIC NERVE: afferent, transmits sight from the retina of the eye to the brain. Enters through the optic canal of the sphenoid bone
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III
OCULOMOTOR NERVE: efferent, moves muscles of the eyes. Parasympathetic to pupil eye muscles. Exits the skull though superior orbital fissure
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IV
TROCHLEAR NERVE: efferent innervates one eye muscle and exits skull through superior orbital fissure
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V
TRIGEMINAL NERVE: efferent component for the muscles of mastication and afferent component for the teeth, tongue, and oral cavity, as well as most of the skin of the face and head.
VII
FACIAL NERVE: efferent component for the muscles of facial expression and the posterior suprahyoid muscles, as well as for the preganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the lacrimal gland. The afferent component serves a tiny patch of skin behind the ear and taste sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
VIII
VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE: afferent for hearing and balance. Enters the cranial cavity through the IAM of the temporal bone.
X
VAGUS NERVE: This nerve interfaces with the parasympathetic control of the heart , lungs, and digestive tract.
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--> Largest cranial nerve and has two roots (the sensory and motor root)
- The sensory root has three nerve divisions including the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves.
Ophthalmic Nerve -- First division; Provides sensation to the upper face and scalp.Maxillary Nerve -- Second division; Provides sensation to the middle face.Mandibular Nerve -- Third division; Provides sensation to the lower face
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- Exits the skull through the superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone on its way to the orbit.
-- Runs through the sinus and is the first nerve affected by a serious infection of the sinus.
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- Leaves the cranial cavity by passing through the internal acoustic meatus (IAM), which leads to the facial canal within the temporal bone. Then, the nerve exits the skills by way of the stylomastoid foramen of the temporal bone.
- The nerve supplies the two major parts of the inner ear
Cochlea -- Function of hearing supplied by cochlear part
Semicircular Canals -- Function of balance supplied by the vestibular part
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-- The nerve passes through the skull by way of the jugular foramen, between the occipital bone and temporal bone.
-- Carries a large somatic efferent component for the muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, larynx, and a large automatic component to organs in the thorax and abdomen including the thymus gland, heart, and stomach.
-- efferent nerve for the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle as well as assisting the 10th cranial nerve in innervations of muscles of the soft palate and pharynx.
-- Exits the skull through the jugular foramen between the occipital and temporal bones.
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