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Luther leads the Reformation, image, image - Coggle Diagram
Luther leads the Reformation
Luther Challenges The Church
The 95 Theses
Luther took a stand against a friar named Johann Tetzel.
Tetzel was pardoning people from the consequences of sins in exchange for money.
Luther wrote 95 theses opposing the pardon merchants.
Why was Luther unhappy with the sale of indulgences?
He studied the bible himself and realized that faith alone was the key to salvation.
Luther's Teachings
Luther later went on to attempt to reform the church.
His teachings were based on three main ideas.
Salvation was achieved by faith in God's forgiveness.
All church teachings should be clearly based off the bible.
All people of faith are equal.
What caused Luther's teachings to spread across Germany?
Technology
The invention of the printing press allowed his words to be copied and spread across the country.
Martin Luther was a monk.
He had come to peace with himself after realizing faith is key to salvation.
Causes of the Reformation
By the 1500's, additional forces had weakened the Church
Emphasis on the secular and individual challenged the Church's authority
The invention of the printing press helped spread these secular ideas
The printing press was a new device that made printed material widely available
More writers and scholars translate works into the common language instead of Latin
These changes helped increase literacy, spiritual thinking, individual thought, and perspective among individuals
Individuals found commonalities
Groups of thinkers alike formed
Some rulers began to challenge the Church's political power
What were some criticisms of the Catholic Church before the Reformation?
In Germany, it was difficult for the pope or the emperor to impose central authority
Germany was divided into many competing states at the time
A new movement for religious reform began in Germany
It then swept much of Europe
John Wycliffe of England and Jan Hus of Bohemia had advocated Church reform
3 more items...
Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More joined the criticism
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Many Europeans were reading religious works and forming their own opinions
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People held a higher standards of conduct for popes and priests
Progressivism
Northern merchants resented paying church taxes to Rome
People claimed that the Church's leaders were corrupt
Popes would patronize the arts, spend extravagantly on personal pleasures, and fight wars
The lower clergy
Many priests and monks were so poorly educated they couldn't even read, let alone teach
Other broke their vows by marrying, drinking, and gambling
What were some of the forces that challenged that church's authority by 1500?
.
The Response to Luther
The Emperor's Opposition
Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V
Orders Luther to stand trial at Worms
Tells Luther to recant his statements
Luther refuses
"I am bound by the Scriptures I have quoted and my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and will not retract anything, since it neither safe nor right to go against conscience. I cannot do otherwise, here I stand, may God help me. Amen"
Charles issues the "Edict of Worms"
Didn't allow anyone to offer food or shelter to Luther
Prince Fredrick the Wise of Saxony sheltered him for a year
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The Pope's Threat
Originally viewed Luther as a rebellious Monk
Thought he should be punished by superiors
Luther's Ideas became more popular
The Pope thought he was an actual threat
1520, Pope threatened Luther with excommunication
Luther resisted, and burned the decree
Luther was excommunicated
England Becomes Protestant
The Catholic Church faced another person who challenged them, the person did it for political reasons.
Henry the 8th was a catholic
Attacked Luther's ideas
Pope gave him the title "defender of faith"
needed a male heir
fear of death without a heir
had a daughter but no female had taken the throne
wanted a divorce and marry a younger queen
Henry wanted the pope to do an annul, but the pope refused
Reformation Parliament
Henry made the Reformation Parliament
Henry married Anne Boleyn secretly
Parliament made it legal to divorce his original wife
called on people to take an oath accepting Henry not the Pope
Thomas More was a devoted catholic and did not take the oath
Henry had him arrested and was put into the Tower of London
more were found guilty later
Consequences of Henrys Changes
Henry didn't get the male immediately
Birthed a daughter and henry lost interest
She was charged with treason
was put in the Tower of London and was later beheaded
Henry took a third wife (Jane) and finally got a son, Edward
Jane died two weeks later
Henry died in 1547 and his three children ruled England
Edward became king and was too young
was guided by adult advisors and they were protestants
Edward ruled for only six years because he died
Mary took over and gave the power back to the Pope
People were mad
Mary died and Elizabeth took over
Elizabeth Restores Protestantism
Elizabeth brings religious peace
Religion remained a problem
protestants pushed Elizabeth to make far-reaching church reforms
Some Catholics tried to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her
Money was a problem in England
started to think of an American empire for money
Elizabeths constant need for money would carry over to the next reign, would also cause conflict between monarch and parliament.
the reformation gains ground in other countries
Elizabeth came to power at a time of a religious turmoil. How did she deal with this question of religion?
She turned England into a protestantism country and made a state Church
Religion: because religion was changed
Change: Because changing the church was a big thing back then.
Catherine was too old to have more kids
Why did Henry need a divorce or a an annulment?
Because the Catholic religion wouldn't allow him to cheat, it was against what God wanted
