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Luther Leads The Reformation, King Henry VIII Daughter, Mary, Anne Boleyn …
Luther Leads The Reformation
Luther Challenges The Church
Martin Luther's
His parents wanted him to be a lawyer, but he became a monk and a teacher
Taught scripture at the University of Wittenberg
Luther wanted to be a good Christian
Balance: Wanted balance in his life and doing that with Christianity
Individualism: His parents wanted him to be something different, but he listened to his heart
The 95 Theses
Took a public stand against the actions of a friar named Johann Tetzel
He sold "indulgence" - was a pardon
Tetzel gave people the impression that buying indulgences, they could buy their way to heaven
Why was Martin Luther unhappy with the sale of indulgences?
He was unhappy because it had gave people the wrong impression. Buying indulgences had no impact whether you were going to heaven or not.
More info on Johann Tetzel
Luther wrote 95 statements, and posted them on church doors
His ideas were advertised to people all around Germany
Reformation: a movement for religions to reform
Led to funding of Christian churches that did not accept Pope's authority
What caused Martin Luther's ideas to spread throughout Germany?
It was because of the printing press, people were taking it to these presses and it spread so fast.
Info on 95 statements
Invention: He had created something to hopefully put an impact on the people
Luther's Teachings
Luther wanted to reform of the church
He had three main ideas:
People could receive salvation by faith in gods gift of forgiveness
All churches teachings based on words of the bible
All people with faith were equal
Reforming the Church
Conquest: He wanted to take on a quest and reform the church
England Becomes Protestant
Henry VIII Wants A Son
Henry wrote an attack on Luther's ideas, the Pope gave him the title of Defender of Faith
Henry needs a male heir
Only has female child
No woman has ever successfully claimed the english throne
Why did henry VIII need a divorce or an annulment?
Henry needed a male heir to take the throne, fearing that his 42 year-old wife would not be able to produce anymore children so he asked the Pope for an annulment since the church didn't allow divorces
Values and Beliefs
The church didn't allow divorces
The Reformation Parlament
Henry took steps to solve his marriage problem himself
Passed a set of laws ending the popes power in England
Henry had a secret wife, Anne Boleyn
Act of Supremacy
Declared Henry the head of the Church of England, not the Pope
Act Of Supremacy Info
Consequences of Henry's Changes
Did not get the male heir he wanted, Anne gave birth to a daughter
Anne was charged with treason and beheaded in 1357
Henry Married three more times, with no male heirs
Elizabeth Restores Potestantism
Established a state that Church and moderate protestants both accepted
Brought religious peace to England
Money was a big problem
In the late 1500 the English began to think about building an American empire as a new source of income
How did Queen Elizabeth I deal with the problem of religion?
She created a state that pleased both moderate Catholics and moderate Protestants. To please Protestants, the church allowed divorce. To please the Catholics she kept the the trappings of rich ropes
Religion
The queen incorporated religion into her kingdom to please the catholics
Causes of the Reformation
In the 1500's the church was weakening
Change
Instead of focusing on church the renaissance focused on humanism
Invention
The printing press
Helped spread secular ideas
Writing in vernacular helped spread language even more
Vernacular
Secular
Communication
Humanism
Religion
These things increased:
Literacy
Spiritual Thinking
Individual thought
Perspective among Individuals
The church lost power
The Church received heavy criticism
leaders were corrupt
Popes pursued worldly affairs instead of spiritual
Priests and monks were illiterate
Some drank excessively and gambled too much
Pope Alexander
VI
Admitted that he had fathered several children
People started expecting more of the church
Denied the Pope has the right to worldly power
Taught the bible had more authority than the church
As people could start to read the bible themselves their own opinions formed about the church
What were criticisms of the Catholic church before reformation
What were some forces that challenged the Church?
The Response to Luther
People saw Luther's protests as a window to challenge the Church's control.
The Pope's Threat
Luther was seen as rebellious monk who needed to be punished.
Luther gained popularity, making him a threat to the pope.
1520: Pope Leo X sent an order threatening Luther with excommunication.
Luther refused, burned the order, and was excommunicated.
This connects to the concept of change because Luther was trying to change the power of the church and the blind following of religion.
Why did Luther's teachings become popular and attract followers?
I think his teachings were so popular because it made people feel more in control of their fate and they were able to clearly see the right and wrongs in their religion.
Backstory on Martin Luther
The Emperor's Opposition
Catholic leader, Charles V, was against Luther and his teachings.
Summoned Luther to Worms in 1521 for trial.
Edict of Worms: Declared Luther an outlaw and a heretic. No one on the empire was to give Luther good or shelter. All his books were to be burned.
Prince Fredrick the Wise of Saxony disobeyed the edict and sheltered Luther in one of his castles.
When Luther returned her realized many of his practices were being put in place. Luther and his followers created a new religious group called Lutherans.
This connects to the concept of religion because Luther and his followers created a new religion that is still followed today.
The German princes that were against these practices were called Protestants. This eventually meant anyone who was Christian but not Roman Catholic or Eastern Orthodox.
1 more item...
How were Prince Fredrick's actions important for the sake of Lutheranism?
His actions of hiding Martin Luther were important because if he hadn't hid him, he may have been caught and held in jail or even worse, put to death. This allowed Luther to continue spreading his teachings and expand the religion of Lutheranism.
More Information of the Edict of Worms
This connects to the concept of consequence because the consequence of Martin Luther speaking out against the church was him getting trouble with world leaders and getting sent to trial.
Protestantism
A branch of Christianity that developed out of the Reformation
Lutheranism
Established by Martin Luther in Germany
Calvinism
Established by John Calvinism in Switzerland
Anglicanism
Established by King Henry VIII in England
This connects to the concepts of religion and groups because many new religions emerged during the Reformation and this formed different groups of people.
More information of Protestantism
King Henry VIII Daughter, Mary
Anne Boleyn
