computer program = set of instructions that the computer needs to follow to process the data into information.

• They tell the computer =
  1) What actions you want the computer to perform
  2) The order those actions should happen in
  
  

programming language = system of signs used to communicate a task/algorithm to a computer, causing the task to be performed (computation)

• Consists of individual instructions that will be executed by the CPU one at a time.
• Using Binary code

• Designed for a specific family of processors
• converted to machine code by an assembler
• slow and error-prone but is more efficient in terms of hardware performance.

• use statements consisting of English-like keywords such as "FOR", "PRINT" or “IF“, ....etc
• easier than assembly language
• Operations can be described using familiar symbols
  

model for a class of programming language that share a common characteristics and its differences

• Describe how the computer should achieve solution
• Example of : C, Pascal, FORTRAN, ALGO 60 & COBOL
  

• The sequential execution of instructions
• The use of variables representing memory locations
• The use of assignment to change the values of variables
  

Based on imperative / procedural style with added data & code abstraction & encapsulation

• organized around objects rather actions, data rather than logic
• Example : Smalltalk, C++ & Java

• declarative and relational style of programming
• Example : Prolog
• Based on facts & rules
  (clauses (may contain logic variables))

Based on the concept of functions in mathematics, Lambda calculus

compact, but run slowly and require a lot of memory

• Examples : Haskell, ML, LISP & Scheme
  

• Language : Fortran (FORmula TRANslator)
• Example application: NASA, Biotech

• Languange: COBOL
• Example : Banking

• Language: LISP, Prolog
• Example : Manufacturing, Robotic

• Language : PL/S, BLISS, Extended Algol, C
• Example : Operating System

• Language : Javascript, PHP
• Example : Internet application