Power and Authority Syllabus
Impacts of the Peace Treaties
Dictatorships in Italy, Japan and Russia
Rise of Nazism in Germany (1919 - 1930)
Nazis Gaining Consolidation Power
Economic
Social
Political
Geographic
Militaristic
Influences
Russia
Italy
Japan
Similarities
Key Features
Russia
Italy
Role of Prominent Individuals
Rise of Nazi Party in Germany
Initial Consolidation of Nazi Power
The Nature of Nazi Idealogy
The Various Methods use by the Nazi Reigime to Exercise Control
Laws
Censorship
Repression
Terror
Propaganda
Albert Speer
Hermann Goring
Joseph Goebels
Heinrich Himmler
Dissolution of Austria Hungary
Creation of Poland
Territorial changes in Germany
Japan
In nations that suffered from the treaties, social unrest occured
Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
Nations suffering reparations payments suffered immensely economically - Germany prime example
Lead to the foundation of new governments in the losing nations
Some nations left irritated with the terms - Italy, Japan, France
Some armies are decreased - Germany
Left a power imbalance in Europe
Large disconent in nations that felt they were owed more - Italy, Japan and France
Excluded largely in post war treaties
Poor economy
Great Depression
Social unrest
Lack of natural resources
Discontent with government
WW1
Poor economy
Social discontent with existing government
Economic issues
Anger from Treaty of Versailles
Militaristic - Invasion of Manchuria
Nationalistic - notion of 'die for the emperor'
Indoctrination
Propaganda
Bushido
Racial Superiority
Charismatic Leader
Charismatic Leader - Lenin and Stalin
Oppressive - NKVD, KGB
Corrupt - Stalin rise to power
Radical
Charismatic Leader - Mussolini
Militaristic - Invasion of Ethiopia and Albania
Indoctrination
Nationalistic
Civil unrest - Bloody Sunday, 1905 Revolution, riots and protests during the war, Civil War
2.7 million dead
Losing to Germany and Austria-Hungary
WW1
650,000 dead
another 1,000,000 casualites
Italy took out large loans for the war that they struggled to repay
2,000,000 unemployed Italians after the war
GDP fell by 14% in 1919 and another 7.6% in 1920
The value of the Lira collapsed
Glorification on Italy's ancient past and a rebirth of the nation
Rejection of Liberal democracy and communism
'Ill Duce'
Italy was promised territory in Slovenia and Albania that it did not get
Also received less money than expected
WW1
Militarism
Nationalism
Charismatic Leaders
Economic Issues
Great Depression
Post WW1 issues
Unemployment
Treaty of Versailles impact (all 3)
Impact on the econonmy
Deaths and destruction from the war
Mussolini
Stalin and Lenin
Tojo
Italy - Invasion of Albania and Ethiopia
Japan - Invasion of Manchuria and China and Russia previously
Russian development of military
Indoctrination
Propaganda
Suppression fo free speech and press
Consolidation of power
Exterminating political rivals
Use of force
Black Shirts - Italy
The Cheka - Russia
Kenpeitai - Japan
Civil War - Russia
March on Rome - Italy
Military takeover - Japan
Chief propagandist for the Nazi Party, and then Reich Minister of Propaganda from 1933 to 1945
Architect of the Reich - designed Hitler's rallies, minister for armaments 1942 - 1945
Vice Chancellor, Head of secret police, commander of the Luftwaffe
Commander of the SS, commander of the Gestapo, minister of the interior, responsible for concentration camps
Radio
Posters
Gestapo
SS
160,000 arrests for political crimes in 1939
Overall units, contained the killing squads
Strength through joy - Gave Hitler support by offering workers rewards
People court - 1934
1935 - 1,600 newspapers were closed down
2,500 textbooks by 'unreliable' authors were burned in public
20,000 books by Jews and Communists were burned in 1933
1934 - Malicious Gossip law - telling jokes about Nazis became a crime and resulted in punishment
Social Darwinism
The Reichstag Fire Decree - 1933
The Enabling Act - 1933
The Night of the Long Knives
The Death of President Hindenburg
Economic Crisis
The Beer Hall Putsch
Mein Kampf
Growth in popularity
Written by Hitler in prison, it details the Nazi ideology and was quickly spread across Germany
Volksgemeinschaft
Lebensraum
Weltanschauung (World view)
4 Key Pillars of Nazi Idealogy
Anti-Semitism
Anti - Communism
Authoritanian
Extreme Nationaliism
Social Darwinists believe in “survival of the fittest”—the idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better. Hitler used it to justify Aryan superiority
The peoples community
Racial utopia
Purification of Aryan race
Every aspect of one's life contributed to the overall good of the community
Allowed Hitler to seize ultimate power
Allowed Hitler to enact 'emergency powers' that gave the government and the Nazi's full control. Allowed for the elimination of political opposition, most notably communists
The Enabling Act allowed the Reich government to issue laws without the consent of Germany's parliament, giving the Nazis full power
Allowed for Hitler to eliminate his opposition outside and inside the Nazi party. Most notably, secured the loyalty of the army
Once Hitler was able to speak as head of the Nazi party he was able to persuade people to join
Economic issues in Germany such as the hyperinflation crisis and the French occupation of the Ruhr lead to economic downturn
Hitlers first failed attempt at revolution created a name for the Nazi party
Fuhrerprinzip
The principle that a group is entriely subordinated to a leader who has ultimate control over it
Hitler had ultimate authority - 'Hitler is Germany and Germany is Hitler. He who takes an oath to Hitler takes an oath to Germany' - Rudolf Hess
Conditions leading to Nazism
Economic Crisis
WW1
The Weimar Republic
2,037,000 soldiers died
The Treaty of Versailles
Stripped Germany of her colonies
Lead to serve war repayments
German borders stripped down significantly
Military decreased to 100,000 men
Demilitarised Rhineland
War guilt Clause
Lead to Germany having to carry guilt for war
Humiliation to Germany
4.7 million wounded and 1.1 million prisoners
The Stab in the Back Myth
Hyperinflation
French Occupation of the Ruhr
Hitler's Cult of Personality