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WAVES - Coggle Diagram
WAVES
Properties of Waves
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Two points on a wave separated by a distance of one
wavelength have a phase difference of 0° or 360°.
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Transverse waves can be polarised by filter and it only lets half of the light transmitted absorbing the rest. The waves oscillates in a particular direction
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When waves pass through a slit, they may be
diffracted so that they spread out into the space beyond. The diffraction effect is greatest when the wavelength of the waves is similar to the width of
the gap.
When light passes through a double slit, it is diffracted
and an interference pattern of equally spaced light and dark fringes is observed.
A diffraction grating diffracts light at its many slits or lines. The diffracted light interferes in the space beyond the grating.
Calculating Waves
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Intensity
The intensity of a wave is defined as the wave power transmitted per unit area at right angles to the wave velocity.
The intensity I of a wave is proportional to the square
of the amplitude A
Intensity= Power / Cross-sectional area
With units of W m^-2
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Superposition
For destructive interference the path difference is an
odd number of half wavelengths.
path difference = (n + 12 )λ
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Description of Waves
Parts of waves
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wavelength - distance covered by a full cycle of the wave, usually measured from peak to peak, or trough to trough
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time period - the time taken for a full cycle of the wave, usually measured from peak to peak, or trough to trough
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Stationary Waves
Formed when two identical waves travelling in opposite directions meet and superpose. This usually happens when one wave is a reflection of the other.
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Types of Waves
Mechanical Waves
In longitudinal waves, the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of the wave velocity.
In transverse waves, the particles of the medium vibrate at right angles to the direction of the wave velocity.
Surface waves – In this type, the particles travel in a circular motion. These waves usually occur at interfaces. Waves in the ocean and ripples in a cup of water are examples of such waves.
Electromagnetic waves
Electromagnetic waves are created by a fusion of electric and magnetic fields. The light you see, the colours around you are visible because of electromagnetic waves.
They all travel in the same speed in the rate of speed of light of 3.0x10^8 ms^-1 in a vacuum, but have different wavelengths and frequencies.
From longest wavelength low frequency and low energy to short wavelength High frequency High energy
Radio waves
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible light
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Gamma rays