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Henry the seventh, Wrote an attack on Luther and his anti-catholic thesis…

- - - - She earned the name of "Bloody Mary" giving the Protestant Church about 300 (three houndred) martyrs by burning them at the stake.
        
        In the 1558 she fell ill and left the throne to her sister Elizabeth.
    - - Elizabeth reign is considered England's golden age. It was an age of stability and victory at the sea.
        
        She received many proposals, but regarded marriage as dangerous. When Parliament pressed her to marry and produce an heir, she replied that she would RULE AND DIE A VIRGIN. This is why she was called the " Virgin Queen".
        
        Elizabeth encouraged her sea captains to explore new lands and look for treasure.
        
        A famous victory of Elizabeth the first was against the Spanish Armada in the 1588. The English ship won against 130 ships because they were faster and better armed.
      - James the first
        
        The first Stuart King of England
        
        He believed that, as a monarch, he was the representative of God on earth.
        
        He joined Scotland to England and Wales as one kingdom, "GREAT BRITAIN", and introduced a distinctive flag, called the Union Jack, and common coinage.
        
        In the 1604 at Hampton court the king met the bishop and the Puritans to try to solve the conflict between them.
        
        The Catholic had been excluded from this meeting so a group of them, led by Guy Fawkes, organised the "Gunpowder Plot" to blow up Parliament on 5/11/1605.
        
        The conspiracy was found and the plotters were executed. This failure became an annual event as Bonfire Night every 5/11 with fireworks.
        
        The Civil War
        
        Between 1642 and 1649 there were bloody battles between the Royalist (Cavaliers) and the Parlamentarians (Roundheads). It was a struggle between tyranny embodied by Stuart absolutism, and liberty, represented by Parliament.
        
        Royalist were concentrated in Wales and west England. Parlamentarians were concentrated in the city of London.
        
        The Parlamentarians won the War because they were better armed and equipped. Their commander was Oliver Cromwell.
        
        The Commonwealth
        
        The Rump parliament abolished the monarchy and declared a republic called THE COMMONWEALTH. Cromwell gave himsefl the title of Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland.
        
        He banned Christmas and Easter. Died in the 1658.