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Qualitative & Quantitative in Counselling Process - Coggle Diagram
Qualitative & Quantitative in Counselling Process
Types Of Research
Quantitative Research
(Identify law of human behavior to control and predict events)
Approaches
Data are in form of numbers and precise measurement
There are generally many cases or subjects
Standard proedure
Concepts in form of distinct variables
Hypothesis tested
Theory is largely casual and deductive
Analysis - statistics, tables & chart
Research is assumed to be value free and unbiased
Researcher is independent of that being research
Reality is objective and singular
measures are systematic and standardized
Contents
Testing Hypothesis
Statistical Analysis
Precise measurement
Verifiable Truths
Objective observation
Qualitative Research
( Human are complex and unpredictable)
Approaches
Reality is subjective and multiple
Researcher interacts with that being researched
Research is value and laden and biased, explicit
Theory non casual and inductive
Meaning captured as data immersed
Concepts are in form of themes, motifs, generalizations and taxonomies
Measures are created in ad hoc manner
Data in words from docs, observations and transcripts
Few cases or subjects
Procedures are particular and replication are rare
Analysis - Themes or generalizations from evidence , coherent, consistent
Contents
Mind Maps
Belief systems
Interpretative schemes
Rules of living
People's values
Terms in Research
Construct
Hypothesis
Directional and non directional
Null and alternate statements
Proposition or if then statements
Research Questions
Research Objective
Variables
Moderating Variables
Intervening Variables
Depending Variables (DV)
Independent Variables (IV)
Measurement
Nominal
Interval
Ratio Scale
Concept
Hallmarks of scientific research
Replicability
Accuracy
Testability
Generalizability
Rigour
Parsimony
Purposive
Objectivity
Process
Research Objective
Research Design
Framework Development
Data Collection
Problem Definition
Data Analysis
Preliminary Information Gathering and Literature Survey
Interpretation of Findings
Indentifying Issues/Problems
Report Preparation and Presentation