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INRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS AND COMPUTER SYSTEM, Modern Computer System and …
INRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS AND COMPUTER SYSTEM
0th Generation
Mechanical Era
built the first calculator to do “*” and “/”
“Analytical Engine”.Had 4 components – the store (memory), the mill (computation unit), the input section (punched card reader), the output section (punched & printed outputs)
designed the first mechanical calculator (Pascaline) based on gears. It performed “+”and “-”.
First totally electronic digital computer
5th Generation
ULSI Technology
Artificial Intelligence
• Nano-technology
• Anything smaller than Microtechnology
• Robotics
Age of Connectivity
Shift towards technology that focuses on mobility (wireless revolution)
Release of WWW standards in 1991 ∴possible to connect computers all over the world
• More user friendly
• Desktop
• Laptop
• NoteBook
• UltraBook
• ChromeBook
1st Generation
Vacuum tube
• Very costly
• Generated lot of heat
• Use vacuum tubes for circuitry & magnetic drums for memory
• Huge size
Need of A.C.
3rd Generation
Integrated Circuit based
• The computers of third generation
• Faster
• Smaller size
• Supported high level language
2nd Generation
Transistor
• Generated less heat & generation computers wouldn’t burn out
• Made of specially treated silicon which controlled the flow of electric current
• Allow computers to become compared to first generation computers
• Use of transistors
• Still very costly
• Faster than first generation computers
4th Generation
VLSI microprocessor based
• Computers become even smaller & more powerful
• Very cheap
• Thousands of ICs build onto a single chip
• Use of PC's
• Microprocessors *(VLSI)
Modern Computer System and Hardware in Brief
What is computer?
• A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data, process the data according to specified rules, produce results, and store the results for future use.
Computer Hardware
• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as hardware
Input Device • Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer
Output Device • Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people
System Unit• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data
Storage device• Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media
Communications Device
• Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information
Computer Software
• Software, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them
Networks and the Internet
A network is a collection computer and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
Types of computer
Supercomputers
• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer • Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second
Mainframe Computers
• A mainframe is a large,expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users
• occupy specially wired, air-conditioned rooms and capable of great processing speeds and data storage
Midrange Computers
• A midrange computers or servers are computers with processing capabilities less powerful than a mainframe computer yet more powerful than a personal computer.
Personal Computers
• A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself.
• There are five types of personal computers: desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and wearables.