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Chapter SevenManaging Risk (管理風險) - Coggle Diagram
Chapter SevenManaging Risk
(管理風險)
Avoiding risk(規避風險)
Changing the project plan to eliminate the risk or condition(更改專案計劃以消除風險或條件)
Change management system(更改管理系統)
Monitoring, tracking, and reporting risk(監測、追蹤和報告風險)
Fostering an open organization environment(營造開放的組織環境)
Repeating risk identification/assessment exercises(重複風險識別/評估練習)
Assigning and documenting responsibility for managing risk(分配和記錄管理風險的責任)
Contingency Planning(緊急計劃)
Is an alternative plan that will be used if a possible foreseen risk event becomes a reality.(是一個替代計劃,如果可能預見到的風險事件成為現實,將使用。)
Is a plan of action that will reduce or mitigate the negative impact of the risk event.(是一個行動計劃,將減少或減輕風險事件的負面影響。)
Is not a part of the initial implementation plan and only goes into effect after the risk is recognized.(不是初始實施計劃的一部分,只有在風險得到確認後才能生效。)
Contingency reserves(緊急準備金)
Contingency Funds(緊急基金)
Are funds to cover project risks—identified and unknown(資金用於支付專案風險的確定和未知)
For control purposes, contingency funds are divided into(出於控制目的,緊急資金分為)
Contingency reserves—cover identified risks and allocated to specific segments or deliverables of the project(緊急準備金包括已確定的風險,並分配給專案的特定部門或可交付物)
Management reserves—cover unidentified risks and are allocated to risks associated with the total project(管理儲備-涵蓋未確定的風險,並分配給與整個專案相關的風險)
Escalating Risk(風險上升)
Notifying the appropriate people within the organization of the threat(通知組織內的相關人員)
Mitigating Risk(降低風險)
Reducing the likelihood that the event will occur(降低事件發生的可能性)
Reducing the impact that the adverse event would have on the project(減少不良事件對專案的影響)
Opportunity Management(機會管理)
An opportunity is an event that can have positive impact on project objectives.(機會是對專案目標產生積極影響的事件。)
Exploit(利用)
Seek to eliminate the uncertainty associated with an opportunity to ensure that it definitely happens(尋求消除與機會相關的不確定性,以確保它確實發生)
Share(共用)
Allocate some or all of the ownership of an opportunity to another party who is best able to capture the opportunity for the benefit of the project(將機會的部分或全部所有權分配給最能夠為項目利益抓住機會的另一方)
Enhance(提高)
Take action to increase the probability and/or the positive impact of an opportunity(採取行動增加機會的概率和/或積極影響)
Escalate(升級)
Notify the appropriate people within the organization of the opportunity(通知組織內的相關人員機會
Accept(接受)
Be willing to take advantage of the opportunity if it occurs, but not taking action to pursue it(如果機會出現,願意利用它,但不要採取行動去追求它)
Retaining Risk(保留風險)
Making a conscious decision to accept the risk of an event occurring(有意識地決定接受事件發生的風險)
Risk(風險)
An uncertain event or condition that if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on project objectives.(不確定的事件或條件,如果發生,對專案目標有積極或消極的影響。)
No amount of planning can overcome or control risk.(任何計劃都無法克服或控制風險。)
Risk breakdown structure (RBS)(風險分解結構 (RBS))
一開始焦點集中在會影響整個專案進行的風險上,而非那些只會影響專案或網路的特定部份風險。例如,針對資金的討論,可以引導團隊成員找出專案開始運作後預算被削減的可能性來作為顯著的風險事件。同樣的,在討論市場的時候,可能就會辨識出針對競爭對手新產品發布所做的回應,來做為風險事件。主要結合工作分解結構wbs來幫助吋隊辨識與分析風險。
Risk profile(風險概況)
是一張問題清單,它著重在專案的傳統不確定面。這些問題乃發展與修正自過去類似的專案;好的風險概況會針對不同類型的專案量身訂製問題。例如建立資訊系統與製造一台車子是不一樣的。
Risk Register(風險註冊表)
Details all identified risks, including descriptions, category, probability of occurring, impact, responses, contingency plans, owners, and current status(詳細資訊所有已確定的風險,包括描述、類別、發生概率、影響、回應、緊急計劃、擁有者和當前狀態)
Risk severity matrix(風險嚴重性矩陣)
Risk severity matrix prioritizes which risks to address.(風險嚴重性矩陣優先考慮要解決的風險。)
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) extends the risk severity matrix by including ease of detection in the equation:(故障模式和影響分析 (FMEA) 通過在等式中包含易於檢測的內容來擴展風險嚴重性矩陣:)
Risk Value = Impact x Probability x Detection(風險值 = 影響 x 概率 x 檢測)
Scenario analysis(情景分析)
Scenario analysis assesses the significance of each risk event in terms of probability and impact.(情景分析從概率和影響的角度評估每個風險事件的重要性。)
Time Buffers(時間緩衝)
Are amounts of time used to cushion against potential delays in the project(是用於緩衝專案潛在延遲的時間量)
Add to activities with severe risks(添加到具有嚴重風險的活動)
Add to merge activities that are prone to delays(添加容易延遲的合併活動)
Add to noncritical activities to reduce the likelihood that they will create another critical path(添加到非關鍵活動以減少它們創建另一個關鍵路徑的可能性)
Add to activities that require scare resources(添加到需要稀有資源的活動)
Transferring Risk(轉移風險)
Passing risk to another party(將風險轉嫁給另一方)
Examples: Fixed-price contracts, insurance, Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT) provisions(範例:固定價格合同、保險、自建運營轉移 (BOOT) 條款)