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Neuro/Cognition: Ischemic Stroke - Coggle Diagram
Neuro/Cognition: Ischemic Stroke
Signs and Symptoms
AMS/LOC
Visual disturbances
Loss of balance
Headache
F.A.S.T
Facial drooping
Slurred speech, loss of motor/sensory control
Diplopia
Dizziness/Seizure
Complications
Death
Hemiplegia
Hemiparesis
Dysphagia
Loss of motor/sensory function
Cerebral edema
Visual defects
Risk Factors
Hypertension
Smoking
High cholesterol
Obesity
Drug use
Race
Diabetes
Atrial fibrillation
Heavy alcohol use
Hereditary
Labs/Diagnostic Tests
CT
MRI
Lumbar puncture
Electrocardiography
Carotid US
Pathophysiology
Blood flow to the brain is spontaneously decreased due to partial or full occlusion of blood vessel by a thrombus/embolism that has traveled to the cerebral artery. The thromboembolism impedes on cerebral oxygenation and the lack of oxygen supply leads to cellular hypoxia. As the episode of hypoxia progresses, focal cellular ischemia occurs as the brain cells are not receiving necessary oxygen and the cells become ischemic.
Cerebral metabolism stops, which leads to changes in permeability following the hypoxia, this increases the influx of sodium, calcium, and water resulting in edema. The prolonged ischemia in the brain tissue leads to cellular death/infarction if not corrected.
Collaborative Treatments
VTE/DVT prophylaxis
Manage ABC
Oxygen therapy
Elevate HOB
Thrombolytics
TPA
Antiplatelet therapy