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CLASS 4.1. Cultural Policy Beyond the National - Coggle Diagram
CLASS 4.1. Cultural Policy Beyond the National
CENTRAL CONCEPTS
multilateralism & bilateralism
cultural diplomacy
international & transnational
transnational - new concept (1990s). Focuses on lower levels (citizens), no official frameworks
Europeanization
: vertical processes, European integration, horizontal processes too (harmonization of similar institutuons in dif. states)
Culture is not central to EU :!:
BILATERALISM
- cultural exhanges as a part of foreign policy
Flanders and Wallonia have their own attaches in foreign country, no "belgian" ones since culture >< communities in Be (e.g. "visit Flanders")
bilateral cultural agreements (e.g. Flemish-Francophone agreement)
National Institutes of Culture (
e.g. Alliance Francaise, Goethe Institute, British Council
). Normally depend on Ministry of Foreign Affairs
function as cultural centers (Balassi Institute - Hungary in Bxl)
prestige projects (Polland in Bxl)
Russian centers at unis in Be
self-organized ones
a lot of conventions,
1970s - contention > the unesco heritage list
broaden definion of culture with time (initially was quite narrow): values systems, traditions, belifies
>> tangible AND intangible culture hetitage
2005 - diversity of cultural expression + recently - sustainable development
1940s - european integration movement (congress of Europe in Hague)
human rights, democracy, rule of law
1954 - European Cultural Convention
monitoring culural policies
fostering cultural collaboration
establishing transnational networks of shared cultural heritage (especially film production)
College of Europe
1951 - the Treaty of Paris
EU Cultural Policy: 3 phases
1951-1993: slowly growing interest in culture (identity, heritage, economic value).
1993-2007: incorporation of culture in the EU Treaty (Maastricht) and intro of pilot programs :<3:
2007 (Lisbon Treaty): revaluation of programs & objectives and setting new (stategic) goals
Creative Europe
: Cooperation Projects + European Networks + European Platform (e.g. festivals) + Literary Translation projectsm >< EACEA :!: shit to marketing
European Council vs. Council of Europe
the first european body that engaged with cultural policy
