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THE POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS OF THE 19TH CENTURY - Coggle Diagram
THE POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS OF THE 19TH CENTURY
The political revolutions of the 19th century were based on liberalism, nationalism and democracy.
The revolutions of the 1820s
Spain and Portugal
were liberal revolutions
aimed to establish constitutional monarchies.
Portugal this succeeded
Spain absolutism was re-established
Greece
wanted independence from the Ottoman Empire
1821: a liberal-nationalist revolution began.
supported by other European countries who wanted to end Ottoman power in the Mediterranean
Russia, Great Britain and France
In 1829, the Treaty of Adrianopolis recognised Greek independence.
The revolutions of 1830
Belgium
wanted independence from Holland
These two countries had many differences, particularly in language and religion
Holland imposed its politics on Belgium
nationalist and liberal revolution in 1830 gave Belgium its independence.
Leopold I of Saxe-Coburg became Belgium's constitutional monarch
France
Bourbons had returned to the throne
Louis XVIII ruled from 1814 to 1824
followed by his brother, Charles X, from 1824 to 1830
Charles X
strengthened the absolute monarchy and suppressed liberties.
revolution began
approved various decrees, such as the restriction of press freedom, without consulting the Legislative Assembly.
abdicate
assembly chose his cousin, Louis Philippe of Orleans
Louis Philippe of Orleans ruled as a constitutional monarch from 1830 to 1848.
The revolutions of 1848
1848
marked a more radical phase of the 19th-century revolutions
petite bourgeoisie and workers advocated democratic principles
These revolutions failed everywhere except in France.
France
petite bourgeoisie and workers were successful in securing democratic objectives
After Louis Philippe in 1848, the Second Republic was established
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte was elected president.
staged a coup and proclaimed himself emperor in 1852
ruled France as Napoleon III until 1870
maintained universal manhood suffrage.
