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1. THE EARLY MODERN AGE, image, image, image, image, image, image, image -…
1. THE EARLY MODERN AGE
Begining: 1453 (fall of Constantinople)
End: 1789 (French Revolution)
1.1 economic transformation
mid-fifteenth century onwards Europe recovered from crisis
causing:
Intensified commercial activity
increase of the agriculture --> surplus in products
surplus products sold in markets
trade routes
The expansion of craftsmanship
products made by guilds
Increased agricultural production
three-field system
main crops were cereals
voyages to explore
new products were brought
due to high demand
people made products in their houses
people made products in their houses
development of banking, banking services:
providing loans
lend money in exchange of returning it bu with an additional amount
creating forms of payment
bill of exchange created
1.2 social change
economic prosperity
increase in population
reduction in the number of big epidemics
cities grew
especially with
important ports
trade routes
one defining characteristic
urban development
social classes
priviledged class
nobility
clergy
unpriviledged class / commoners
peasants
largest group
serfs of the feudal lord or noble
bourgeoisie
city inhabitas
mot ruled by feudal lord
types
upper bourgeoisie
important merchants, bankers and officials
petite bourgeoisie
small merchants, less important officials, all types of artisans, artists, servants and labourers
marginalised social group
vagabonds
beggars
some social groups protested
unsuccessfully
upper bourgeoisie richer than nobility
robles marring members of richer families of bourgeoisie
demanded
end to the privileges of the nobility and the clergy
not to pay so many taxes
have access to all political positions
The bourgeoisie gradually gained more rights, but not reach nobility (until early modern age)
