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THE EARLY MODERN AGE, craftmenship, comercial activiy, BANKING, LOADS,…
THE EARLY MODERN AGE
ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION
At the end of the Middle Ages
economic crisis
catastrophes
From the mid-fifteenth century onwards
recovery
in the European population
Increased agricultural production
increased cultivated land
three-field system
maintained
dividing land into three sections
rotate the crops each year
tow sections cultivated
one left fallow
main crop
cereals
Livestock and agriculture
main economic source
vulnerable society
during bad crops years
hunger
disease
Intensified commercial activity
more agricultural production
self consumption
surplus products
sold at the city market
merchants & traders
travel
new markets
trade routes
connect distant places
land
sea
The expansion of craftmanship
workshops
controlled by guilds
associations of craftsmen
were products were made
domestic system
growing demand
people made products in their homes
merchants provide families
to make products
tools
raw materials
new products from other places
precious metals
food
spices
The development of mercantile capitalism
economic system
capital belong to private owners
bourgeoisie members
middle class
trading companies
generate profit
Banking
Providing loans
merchants needed money
the bankers left them money
return with interests
begin new commercial activities
Monarchs too asked for loans
for running their states
traders made large profits
pay the loans
bankers became rich
important in the mercantile capitalism
finance trading companies
families
Medici
Fugger
Creating new forms of payment
Bill of exchange
paper in which puts that the banker would pay
any authorised person
a quantity of money
on a specific
place
date
safer system
not necessary to travel with cash
what did they do?
changed money
looked after money
precious metals
large funds available
more services
Providing loans
Creating new forms of payment
SOCIAL CHANGE
increase of population
because the economic growth
reduction of big epidemics
city grew
those on trade routes
those with important ports
Urban society was developed
classes
privileged
NOBILITY AND HIGH CLERGY
minority
owners of the most land
access to high political positions
privileges
not pay taxes
are judged by special tribunals
houses
castles
countryside
palaces
cities
Unprivileged / Commoners
middle classes
upper bourgeoisie
the ruling class
with the nobility
important merchants
officials
bankers
houses
richly decorated urban palaces
wealthier than the nobles
nobility married with richest bourgeoisie
demanded privileges
gradually more rights
not the level of the nobility
until the French revolution
petite bourgeoisie
largest group
small merchants
less important officials
artisans
artists
labourers
servants
houses
humbles
with several floors
city inhabitants
no ruled by a feudal lord
increased
wealthier
more political influence
majority
pay a lot of taxes
didn't have access to high political positions
peasants
the largest group
serf of the feudal lord
they have to pay
with harvest
a rent
went to the cities
more freedom
beggar and vagabonds
marginalised group
they lived on charity
Facts
forks
before these period
people eat with hands
16th century
the fork's fashion
in the French court
Catherine de Medici
after the Early Modern Age
popular in Spain
women
considered lower than men
function
have al ot of children
high infants mortality
wet nurses
worked for women from
nobility
upper bourgeoisie
breast feed babies
not socially acceptable
higiene
not advisable
wash
bathe
believes
religious
water spreads disease
What did they do?
rubbed with a cloth
wash clothes
perfumes
general information
begun
1453
fall of Constantinople
ended
1789
French revolution
changes
social
economical
political
cultural
