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THE EARLY MODERN AGE - Coggle Diagram

- - - - were a minority
        
        owned most of the land
      - only ones who had access to high political positions
      - the nobility and the clergy
      - privileges
        
        didn't pay taxes
        
        were judged by special tribunals
      - lived in their castles
        
        countryside
        
        city
    - - commoners
      - majority of population
      - pay taxes
      - did not have access to high political positions
      - divided into various sub-groups
        
        peasants
        
        largest group
        
        serfs of the feudal lord or noble
        
        pay them rent or a part of their harvest
        
        many of them went to the cities
        
        had more freedom
        
        bourgeoise
        
        not ruled by a feudal lord
        
        city inhabitants
        
        increased in number
        
        during the Early Modern Age
        
        became wealthier
        
        gained more political influence
        
        upper bourgeoisie
        
        they were important
        
        merchants
        
        bankers
        
        officials
        
        lived in
        
        richly decorated urban palaces
        
        with city nobles
        
        formed the ruling class
        
        most powerful and influential group
        
        became wealthier than the nobles themselves
        
        families from the nobility
        
        2 more items...
        
        petite bourgeoisie
        
        were
        
        small merchants
        
        less important officials
        
        all types of artisans
        
        artists
        
        servants
        
        labourers
        
        largest group in the cities
        
        lived in
        
        humble houses
        
        buildings with several floors
    - - beggar and vagabonds
        
        lived on charity
    - - these revolts were severely suppressed
      - most violent protests
        
        peasants
  - - - increase in the population
      - reduction in the number of big epidemics
    - - those with important ports
        
        Paris
        
        London
        
        Venice
        
        Cologne
        
        Lisbon
        
        Antwerp
      - especially those on trade routes
- - - - bankers
        
        lent money in exchange for returning the same amount plus an interest
      - traders
        
        made large profits
        
        could pay their loans
        
        bankers become rich
      - merchants
        
        needed money to begin new commercial activities
      - monarch
        
        asked banks for loans
        
        to cover the costs of running their states
      - most important banking families
        
        Medici in Florence
        
        Fugger family in Germany
      - mercantile capitalism
        
        a vital role in the system played by banking
        
        by financing the trading companies
    - - bill of exchange was created
        
        guaranteed that the banker would pay
        
        another authorised person
        
        quantity of money
        
        merchant
        
        on a specified date
        
        at a specified place
        
        no necessary to travel with cash
        
        was unsafe
        
        a document
- - - - nobility and the upper bourgeoisie paid wet nurses
      - to do this for them
  - - - considered that washing was impure
      - from a religious perspective
    - - or only washed their clothes
    - - neutralised with perfumes
  - - - took a long time to spread
      - started the fashion of eating with a fork
        
        in the French court
      - Catherine de Medici
      - didn't become popular in Spain
        
        until after the Early Modern Age
- - - - Intensified commercial activity
        
        surplus products
        
        sold in city markets
        
        merchants/traders
        
        travel to search new markets
        
        establish trade routes
        
        increase in agricultural production
        
        surplus in productions
        
        excess of food production
      - The expansion of craftsmanship
        
        products
        
        controlled by associations of craftsman
        
        guilds
        
        made in workshop
      - Increased agricultural production
        
        three-field system was maintained
        
        consist in
        
        rotate the crops its year
        
        one section fallow to recover nutrients
        
        divide the land in 3 parts
        
        no technological advances
        
        increase in the amount of land under cultivation
        
        main corps cereals
        
        economic activity
        
        farming
        
        livestock
        
        very vulnerable society
        
        disease reappeared
        
        hunger
        
        bad crops
    - - catastrophes
      - economic crisis
  - - - due the voyage of explorations of new land
      - includes
        
        food
        
        species
        
        metals
      - were brought to Europe
    - - people with raw materials and tools
      - to make products
    - - capital belonged to private owners
        
        generally members of the bourgeoisie
      - creating trading companies
        
        to generate profits
      - economic system