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1.CITIES -
Outcomes Advanced, In Bogota
they have tried to fulfil this…
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In Bogota
- they have tried to fulfil this ideal by transforming what was once a chaotic city - badly affected by congestion and gripped (hold) by fear of crime - into one far better for children.
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- One of the first steps he took was to clear a large slum that dominated the centre of Bogota and replace it with a large public space. The slum had been a no-go zone for police and had effectively created a barrier between the affluent north and the more deprived south of the city.
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The golf course was converted into free park with sports facilities for all.
They then started to tackle congestion and the lack of facilities for pedestrians and cyclists. Wide pavements were built and cars were prevented from parking on them - a move that led to huge protests. The gov built miles and miles of cycle lanes and set up a huge network of busses, again using separate lanes. They also imposed restrictions on car use and increased taxes on petrol.
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- Finally, they poured money into education. The programme resulted in a huge increase in enrolment and school attendance. He did not escape criticism.
Manchester had already undergone some changes as it recovered from the recession of the early 1990s that had destroyed much of its industry and created large-scale unemployment.
- it had won the right to host the ...Games and redeveloped some deprived areas through the builing of an award-winning concert hall.
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Bilbaro
- However, fewer will be aware of the profound change that the gallery symbolises. Up util 1980, Bilbao had been dominated by steel plants ...which created heavy smog that choked the city. However, during the latter part of that decade, the city was hit by an economic downturn that saw many factories close down and unemployment soar. Over the years, many factories closed down and thousands of people abandoned the city, leaving contaminated [dirty, poisonous] land and large numbers of condemned buildings.
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- To halt the decline, the city embarked on a strategy to reinvent itself as a center for culture, tourism and new technologies. .. These included ongoing heavy investment in training and education with particular focus on computing and technology.
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- The city improved transport links and created two metro lines, and also developed service industries such as hosting events and conferences. It also modernised what remained of its more traditional industries and attracted new companies to the technology park on the outskirts of the city.
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- Nevertheless, it's difficult to deny it's been a success which has seen the city return to its previous population levels and survive the major recession that began in 2008.
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- embark on smth -- to start something new or important [начинать ч-л, браться за ч-л]
- profound (C2) -- EXTREME [глубокий, серьезный]