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Internet Protocol Address and URL, Web Adress, 2 Versions of IP address,…
Internet Protocol Address and URL
IP Address is a sequence of numbers that uniquely identifies the location of each computer or device connected to the internet or any other network.
Characteristics of IPv4
Made up of 4 groups
number in each group is between 0-255
Separator: (.)
Each group consists of 8 bits, so 4 groups = 32 bits allowing for a total of 2^32
The growth of the internet has led to a shortage of IPv4 address. Because of this increase, Ipv4 addresses are running out.
Domain Name
Because the length of IP address can be difficult to remember.
A domain name is the text version of an IP address
Every domain name contains a top level domain. (TLD)
Example : www.google.com
Web Adress
is a unique address for a web page
also called Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Example
http://www.facebook.com
Component of web address
Protocol
Domain Name
Path
Web Page Name
HTTP, HTTPS, FTP
2 Versions of IP address
IPv4
IPv6
TLD
.com - Commercial organizations
.gov - Government agencies
.org - Nonprofit organizations
.edu - Educational Institutions
identifies the type of organization associated with the domain.
ccTLD
.my - Malaysia
.uk - United Kingdom
.sg - Singapore
.au - Australia
identifies the country of origin associated with the domain
Structure of IPv4
The network ID/part ( first three numbers ) identifies the network.
The host ID/part ( last number ) identifies the specific computer
Structure of IPv6
represented as 8 groups / fields of four
Hexadecimal digits
Separated by colons (:)
each group consists 16 bits , total bits are 8x16=128 bits, Total IPv6 address is 2^128
number of each group is between 0000-FFFF
Important Of IPv6
Better security
Larger IP address that provide enough address space for many decades
Includes plug and play
Better support for real time
Domain Name Sysytem (DNS)
is the method that internet uses to store domain names and their corresponding IP address
A DNS server is a server on the internet that usually is associated with ISP.