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3.1.4 INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESS (IP ADDRESS) & UNIFORM RESOURCE…
3.1.4 INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESS (IP ADDRESS) & UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR (URL)
INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESS (IP ADDRESS)
The Internet relies on an addressing system (which is known as IP address) like a postal service to send data to a specific computer or device on the Internet
IP address is a sequence of numbers that uniquely identifies the location of each computer or device connected to the Internet or any other network
The Internet uses two version of IP addressing schemes:
Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
STRUCTURE
Each IPv6 address is represented as eight groups/fields of four hexadecimal digits, separated by colons (:)
Each group consists of 16 bits
Number in each group is between 0000 to FFFF
Hence, total bits are 8 x 16 = 128 bits
Total IPv6 addresses is 2^128
Example: 2002:db8::8a3f:362:7897
CHARACTERISTIC
Examples: 2021:0bd8:0:0:1319:8a2e:0370:57ab
Examples: 2001:0db8:0a0b:12f0:0000:0000:0000:0005
IPv6 uses a 128-bit address scheme allowing for a total of 2^128 addresses
The growth of the Internet has led to a shortage of IPv4 addresses. Because of this increase, IPv4 addresses are running out
BENEFITS/IMPORTANT
Larger IP address space that provide enough address space for many decodes to come
Improved traffic routing
Better security
Better support for real time
Includes Plug and Play
Better optimization
Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4)
STRUCTURE
The host ID/part (last number) identifies the specific computer
The network ID/part (first three numbers) identifies the network
CHARACTERISTIC
Example: 1.2.3.4 , 10.10.100.99 , 255.255.255.255
The highest IP address : 255.255.255.255
The lowest IP address : 0.0.0.0
Each group consists of 8 bits, so 4 groups= 32bits
Separator: period(.)
The number in each group is between 0 and 255
Made up of four groups of decimal numbers
IPv4 uses a 32-bit address scheme allowing for a total 2^32 addresses=4294967296
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN IPv4 AND IPv6
DOMAIN NAME
is a text version of an IP address
It is part of the web address that user type in a browser's address bar to access a website
Example: www.google.com
Every domain name contains a top-level-domain (TLD), which is the last section of the domain name
TOP-LEVEL-DOMAIN (TLD)
Identifies the type of organization associated with the domain
Examples:
.com
Commercial organization or companies
.gov
Government agencies
.org
Nonprofit organization
COUNTRY CODE TOP-LEVEL-DOMAIN (ccTLD)
For website outside United State, the domain name may include a country code (ccTLD), which is a two-letter country code
ccTLD identifies the country of origin associated with the domain
For example, www.philips.com.my is the domain name for Philips Malaysia
Examples:
.my
1 more item...
.sg
1 more item...
.kr
1 more item...
.au
1 more item...
.uk
1 more item...
.cn
1 more item...
.th
1 more item...
DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS)
Is the method that the Internet uses to store domain names and their corresponding IP address
When user enters a domain name (i.e., google.com) in a browser, a DNS sever translates the domain name to its associated IP address so that the request can be routed to the correct computer
A DNS server is a server on the Internet that usually is associated with an ISP
UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR (URL) @ WEB ADDRESS
WEB ADDRESS
Is a unique address for a web page
Also called as Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Examples:
http://www.facebook.com
https://www.moe.gov.my/pendidikan
https://www.nps.gov.aboutus/news/photosmultimedia.htm
COMPONENT
PROTOCOL
A set of rules that defines how pages transfer on the Internet
TYPES
http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
a standard set of rules that defines how pages transfer on the Internet
https (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
a protocol for secure communication over a computer network
DOMAIN NAME
Address of the computer that contains the web site (IP address)
PATH
Directories or folders that contains the files being accessed
WEB PAGE NAME
The name of the file that is being accessed
