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3.1.4 IP ADDRESS and URL - Coggle Diagram

- - - - characteristics of IPv4
        
        made up of four groups of decimal numbers and the number in each group is between 0 and 255
        
        separator: period (.)
        
        use 32-bit address scheme allowing for a total of 2^32 addresses =4294967296
        
        each group consists of 8 bits so 4 group= 32 bits
        
        the lowest IP address: 0.0.0.0 and
        the highest IP address: 255.255.255.255
        
        example IP address: 1.2.3.4 , 10.10.100.99 , 255.255.255.255
      - Structure of IPv4
        
        1) The network ID/part (first three numbers) identifies the network
        
        2) The host ID/part (last number) identifies the specific computer
    - - the growth of internet has led to a shortage of IPv4 addresses, because of this increase, IPv4 addresses are running out
        
        IPv6 uses a 128-bit address scheme allowing for a total of 2^128 addresses
        
        Example of IPv6: 2001:0db8:0a0b:12f0:0000:0000:0000:0005,
        2021:0db8:0:0:1319:8a2e:0370:57ab
      - structure of IPv6
        
        Each IPv6 addresses represented as eight groups/fields of four *hexadecimal digits, separated by colons (:)
        
        *hexadecimal digits= 0 to 9 and A to F
        
        Each group consists of 16 bits
        
        Number in each group is between 0000 to FFFF
        
        Hence, total bits are 8 x 16 = 128 bits and Total IPv6 addresses is 2^128= 340 undecillion possible addresses
      - The benefits/ important of IPv6
        
        1) Larger IP address space that provide enough
        address space for many decades to come.
        
        Improved traffic routing
        
        Better security
        
        Better support for real time
        
        Includes Plug and play
        
        Better optimization
- - - - A set of rules that defines how pages transfer on the
        Internet
      - Types of Protocol:
        
        https (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
        
        a protocol for secure communication over a
        computer network.
        
        http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
        
        a standard set of rules that defines how pages
        transfer on the Internet.
    - - Address of the computer that contains the web site
        (IP address)
    - - Directories or folders that contains the files being
        accessed
    - - The name of the file that is being accessed