Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
3.1.4 (IP address and URL) - Coggle Diagram
3.1.4
(IP address and URL)
IP Address
The internet relies on an addressing system (which is known as IP address) like the postal service to send data to a specific computer or device on the internet
IP address is a sequence of numbers that uniquely identifies the location of each computer or device connected to the internet or any other network
The internet uses two version of IP addressing schemes: ~
Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4)
Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
Characteristic of IPv4 address:
IPv4 uses a 32-bit address scheme allowing for a total of 2^32 addresses=4294967296
Made up of four groups of decimal numbers
The number in each group is between 0 and 255
Spectator: period(.)
Each group consists of 8 bits, so 4 groups=32 bits
The lowest IP address: 0.0.0.0
The highest IP address: 255.255.255.255
Example: (1.2.3.4), (10.10.100.99), (255.255.255.255)
Structure of IPv4 address:
IPv4 address has two parts:
The network ID/Part (first three numbers) identifies the network
The host ID/Part (last numbers) identifies the specific computers
IPv6
Why IPv6? the growth of the internet has led to a shortage of IPv4 address. Because of this increase, IPv4 address are running out.
IPv6 uses a 128-bit address scheme allowing for a total of 2^128 address=3.40 x 10^38
Examples of IPv6 address:
2001:0db8:0a0b:12f0:0000:0000:0000:0005
2021:0db8:0:0:1319:8a2e:0370:57ab
Structure of IPv6 address:
Each IPv6 address is represented as eight groups/fields of four *hexadecimal digits, separated by colons (:)
Each group consists of 16 bits
Number in each group is between 0000 to FFFF
Hence, total bits are 8 x 16 = 128 bits
Total IPv6 address is 2^218
The benefits/important of IPv6
Larger IP address space that provide enough address space for many decades to come
Improved traffic routing
Better security
Better support for real time
Includes Plug and play
Better optimization
Importance of IPv6
Due to the growth of devices accessing the internet, the original IPv4 addresses began decreasing in availability
Thus, the solution is for IPv6 to accommodate this increased demand by providing a much larger address space, along with improved traffic routing and better security
Domain name
Because lengthy IP address can be difficult to remember the internet supports domain name
Relationship IP address to domain name: A domain name is the text version of an IP address
It is part of the web address that user type in a browser's address bar to access a website
Example: www.google.com
Every domain name contains a top-level domain (TLD) which is the last section of the domain name
Top Level Domain (TLD)
The top level domain (TLD) identifies the type of organizations associated with the domain
Example of TLD:
.com-Commercial organizations or companies
.gov-Government agencies
.org-Nonprofit organizations
Country code top level domain (ccTLD)
for websites outside the United State, the domain name may include a country ode TLD (ccTLD), which is a two letter country code
ccTLD identifies the country of origin associated with the domain
For example, www.philips.com.my is the domain name for Philips Malaysia
Examples
.my-Malaysia
.sg-Singapore
.kr-South Korea
.au-Australia
.uk-United Kingdom
.cn-China
.th-Thailand
Domain name system (DNS)
A domain name system (DNS) is the method that the internet uses to store domain names and their corresponding IP address
When user enters a domain name (i.e.,google.com) in a browser, a DNS server translates the domain name to its associated IP address so that the request can be routed to the correct computer
A DNS server is a server o the internet that usually is associated with an ISP
Web address:
Web address is a unique address for a web page
Also called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Example of web address:
http://www.facebook.com
https://www.moe.gov.my/pendidikan
https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/news/photosmultimedia.htm
Components of web address:
Protocol
Domain name
Path
Web page name
Protocol
A set of rules that defines how pages transfer on the internet
Types of protocol:
http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
a standard set of rules that defines how pages transfer on the internet
https (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
a protocol for secure communication over a computer network
Domain name
Address of the computer that contains the web site (IP address)
Path
Directories or folders that contains the files being accessed
Web Page Name
The name of the file that is being accessed