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INTERNET PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION - Coggle Diagram
INTERNET PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
IP ADDRESS
A sequence of numbers that uniquely Identifies the location of each computer or device conneted to the internet or any other network
INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 4 (IPv4)
CHARACTERISTIC
Separator : period(.)
Each group consists of 8 bits so 4 groups=32 bits
The number in each group is between 0 and 255
The lowest IP address : 0.0.0.0
Made up of four groups of decimals numbers
The highest IP address : 255.255.255.255
IPv4 uses a 32-bit address scheme allowing for a total of 2^32 addresses=4294967296
Example : 1.2.3.4 , 10.10.100.99 , 255.255.255.255
STRUCTURE
The network ID/part (first three numbers) identifies the network
The host ID/part (last number) identifies the specific computer
INTERNET PROTOCOL VERISON 6 (IPv6)
CHARACTERISTIC
The growth of the internet has led to a shortage of IPv4 addresses. Because of this increase, IPv4 addresses are running out
IPv6 uses a 128-bits address scheme sllowing for a total of 2^128 addresses=.
Example : 2001:0db8:0a0b:12f0:0000:0000:0000:0005
2021:0db8:0:0:1319:8a2e:0370:57ab
STRUCTURE
Each group consists of 16 bits
Number in each group is between 0000 and FFFF
Each IPv6 address is represented as eight groups/fields of four hexadecimal digits , separated by colons (:)
Hence, total of bits are 8 x 16 =128 bits
Total IPv6 addresses is 2^128
IMPORTANCE
Due to growth of devices accessing the internet, the original IPv4 addresses began decreasing in avaibility
Thus, the solution is for IPv6 to accommodate this increased demand by providing a much larger address space, along with improved traffic routing and better security
BENEFITS
better security
better support for real time
improved traffic routing
includes plug and play
Larger IP address space that provide enough address space for many decades to come
better optimization
DOMAIN NAME
Text version of an IP address
Example : www.google.com
It is part of the web address that user type in a browser's address bar to access a website
Every domain name contains a top level domain (TLD),which is the last section of the domain name.
TOP LEVEL DOMAIN (TLD)
Examples of TLD
.gov
Government agencies
.org
Nonprofit organizations
.com
Commercial organizations or companies
The top-level domain (TLD) identifies the type of organization associated with the domain
List of the popular TLD
info
Business organizations or individuals
providing general information
jobs
Employment or human resource business
gov
Government Agencies
net
Network provides or commercial
companies
edu
Educational institutions
org
Nonprofit organizations
com
Commercial organizations, businesses and
companies
COUNTRY-CODE TOP LEVEL DOMAIN (ccTLD)
ccTLD identifies the country of origin associated with the domain.
For websites outside the United State, the domain name may include a country code TLD (ccTLD), which is a two-letter country code
Example
.au
Australia
.uk
United Kingdom
.kr
South Korea
.cn
China
.sg
Singapore
.th
Thailand
.my
Malaysia
DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS)
When users enters a domain name in a browser, a DNS server translates the domain name to its associated IP address so that request can be routed to the correct computer
The method that the internet uses to store domain names and their corresponding IP address
A DNS server is a server on the internet that usually is associated with an ISP
WEB ADDRESS
a unique address for a web page
Also called as Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
COMPONENTS
Domain name
www.nps.gov
Path
grsm/planyourvisit/
Protocol
http://
Web page name
wildlifeviewing.htm