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Topic 2 The availability of unhealthy food, such as fast food and junk…

- - - - Because people who eat fast food or junk food might be overweight or do little exercise, and both of those qualities are linked to cancer.
      - A lower inherent nutritional quality of the unhealthy food consumed was associated to a higher risk of developing a cancer.
      - Cancer is a disease in which some of the body's cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body.
  - - - And the last one, which is very common, food waste. What can you do with leftovers? you eat it, but for restaurants they can only throw it out due to policies, there are other alternatives but they either didn't care or just doesn't notice.
      - Fast food packaging is also a huge problem, it's typical to get take out in fast food places, restaurants need to package foods so they don't get dry or cold, using lot of plastic, with the most harmful and common being plastic lids, plastic spoons, plastic forks, plastics straws, etc.
      - For the fast food industry, a lot of cooking oil are use, big chains uses gallons of oil a week, since oil are very hard to disposed of, and most restaurants would rather dump.
  - - - Obesity can lead to diabetes
        
        Diabetes is a chronic (long-lasting) health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy
      - Over time, high blood sugar can damage blood vessels and the nerves that control your heart.
  - - - A considerable amount of greenhouse gas emissions is produced by growing, breeding and raising livestock, farming, processing, storing, packaging, transporting, preparing and disposing
      - Approximately 37% of all man-made greenhouse gas emissions are produced by the food industry.
      - Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids. VOCs include a variety of chemicals, some of which may have short- and long-term adverse health effects
        
        According to recent studies, the grilling of just four burgers in a fast food restaurant releases the same amount of VOCs as a car driven for 1,000 miles. Another study conducted in New Jersey revealed that 16,000 restaurants let as much as 2,226 tons of particulates out into the air.
    - - Fast food restaurants and distributors use a lot of packaging. Wrappers, straws, boxes, bags and other fast food packaging count for approximately 40% of all litter with Styrofoam
      - Most packaging is designed as single-use, and is typically thrown away rather than reused or recycled. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), food and food packaging materials make up almost half of all municipal solid waste.
    - - Freshwater quality has decreased dramatically because hormones, drugs, fertilizers and other pathogens (used in the production of fast food)
      - The quantities of trash and plastic
        pollution in waterways are increasing dramatically with fast food packaging as the biggest root problems. Napkins, wrappers, straws, and other items from chains like Burger King and McDonald’s made up 49% of all the trash found on the streets.
    - - The average fast food restaurant generates 200,000 pounds of food waste per year (Statistic Brain, 2013). Multiply 200,000 pounds by 160,000 and that is 32 billion pounds of food waste generated in American fast food restaurants alone.
  - - - Several studies have shown that fast food is as bad for the liver as alcohol. Eating fast food for 4 weeks can adversely affect liver enzymes. In addition, trans fats from junk food can be deposited in the liver, causing liver problems.
    - - In fact, many fast foods are often produced directly on the street and lack hygienic cooking conditions. Therefore, people who regularly eat fast food are more likely to be infected with bacteria, viruses and parasites.
    - - The bad fats (trans and saturated fats) in fast food raise triglycerides and LDL cholesterol in your blood, leading to a buildup of plaque in the arteries. This can lead to heart disease.
    - - A diet high in fast food may also increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
  - - - Depression and diet may be related. Several studies have found that people who ate a poor-quality diet — one that was high in processed meat, chocolates, sweet desserts, fried food, refined cereals and high-fat dairy products — were more likely to report symptoms of depression.
  - - - A diet that is too high in sodium and too low in potassium puts you at risk for high blood pressure. Eating too much sodium—an element in table salt—increases blood pressure. Most of the sodium we eat comes from processed and restaurant foods
    - - Most of the fast food contains a large amount of sugar, fats and carbs and less minerals and vitamins. This means that you are taking in large amount of unhealthy calories in the shape of fast food which leads to weight gain and ultimately obesity.
  - - - Eating fast food is the accumulation of plaque in your blood vessels. This will restrict the flow of blood through them and result in high blood pressure. Unchecked hypertension is behind many fatal disorders such as heart attack, brain stroke, kidney disease, aneurysm, retinopathies of the eyes etc.
    - - Junk food will limit your ability to think and recall, and set the grounds for the onset of dementia.
    - - The combination of salt, sugar, and fat can lead to problems with water retention, which is known as edema. This causes some individuals to feel bloated, puffy, or swollen after they are finished eating.
    - - Eating junk food will raise the sugar level in your blood. When too much of glucose or sugar collects in your bloodstream, your cells become resistant to insulin. This means that you can get diabetes.
    - - Fast food contains lots of calories and cholesterol
    - - The kidneys' job is to flush away toxins to keep your system clean and healthy. And Fast food can make the kidneys work overtime to get rid of harmful particles in your body. And over time, this can take a toll on them and lead to an increased risk of damage to the body's organs.
    - - All the savoury junk foods contain sodium, which makes you vulnerable to frequent headaches.
    - - People who eat fast food in excess are 51% more likely to develop depression or depression-like symptoms compared to those who eat it in moderation, according to a study by the American Psychological Association (APA) and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIH).
    - - Fast foods contain loads of carbohydrates and sugars that cause a thin film of plaque to develop around your teeth. This is food for bad bacteria and can lead to tooth decay as well as gum disorders.
    - - Many processed foods contain phthalates, which are chemicals that can change or interrupt how hormones act in the body. High exposure levels to them are known to create reproductive issues that can even lead to birth defects in extreme cases.
    - - Foods that are rich in carbs will lead to spikes in blood sugar numbers, and it is this sudden jump that can trigger a breakout.
      - Adults and children who eat fast food products at least three times per week are also more likely to develop eczema.
      - It impacts the development of your hair and nail grows over time.
      - Cause acne
    - - The higher risk of obesity also comes with problems that include muscle mass issues and bone density problems.
      - Individuals who are severely overweight are at a higher risk of falling or breaking bones.
  - - - Fast food can be addictive. Some ingredients and spices are put into fast food processing to activate cells in the brain, causing excitement and happiness. In search of more pleasure, you will eat more fatty foods that make you addicted to them. It turns out that tobacco, alcohol, and drugs aren't the only addictions.
    - - Fast food has almost no fiber. This means a higher risk of constipation and hemorrhoids. The high-fat content of this food can increase the secretion of stomach acid, which irritates the lining of the stomach. Spicy spices in fast food can also irritate the stomach, causing a burning, painful sensation.
  - - - Fasts food contain high calories and fats. Taking huge amounts of these will have a negative effect on your weight. When you eat either cheese, hamburger, mutton chops or mayonnaise, they have more than the recommended fat in the body per day.
    - - Fast foods are usually made with trans fats. Trans fats are the major contributor to bad cholesterol buildup which is the primary cause of many cardiovascular conditions. Besides fats, fast foods also have a lot of salt. A high intake of salt has a negative effect on blood pressure.
    - - Most of fast foods such as sodas, chocolate shakes, French toast sticks, cheeseburgers, and milkshakes contain a lot of sugars. A regular intake of a high amount of sugar can have an adverse negative effect on your blood sugar.
    - - One of the harmful compounds found in junk food is phthalates. This compound alters the proper production of hormones in the body. If you are levels of phthalates, you can have reproductive problems or produce babies with defects.
- - - - Solutions
        
        Governments could regarding the time constraints of laws to restrict employee working hours and the enforcement of longer lunch breaks could encourage people to change their eating habits.
        
        Addressed cost issues, governments could implement higher taxation levies on unhealthy foods and use the revenues generated to subsidize fresh foods for working-class families.
        
        If one is addicted to fast-food, then they should visit a nutritionist for advice. They will help you with the menus and ways to avoid caving for fast food.
        
        If visiting a nutritionist is beyond your financial status, then you could try these tips:
        
        1. PLAN AHEAD
        
        There’s no better way to handle cravings than planning your meals and snacks ahead of time. If you have a healthy meal and snacks packed and ready for you at lunchtime and in the afternoon, you’re far less likely to grab a leftover piece of pizza, order French fries, or eat the sweets someone brought into the office.
        Try to plan out each week’s meals on Sunday, or the day before your workweek starts. Go grocery shopping for what you need.
        
        2. Shop the perimeter
        
        The perimeter of the grocery store typically includes the produce, dairy, meat, and fish sections.
        Try to purchase items only from these sections. If a food item has more than a few ingredients on the label (or ones you can’t pronounce), don’t buy it. This is a key step in transitioning your diet to whole foods.
        
        4. Eat enough protein
        
        Protein makes you feel full, often more so than other macronutrients like carbs. Fill your diet with healthy sources of protein including fish, beans, vegetables, and nuts. When you’re full, there’s less room — and less desire — for junk food.
        
        5. Try to eat more fruits.
        
        The fruit has sugar, but it has a lot of vitamins, antioxidants, and water, too. It also contains fiber, which slows and balances out the effects on your blood sugar. This prevents the sugar crash. Once you remove yourself from manufactured sugar, the fruit will taste a lot sweeter and more satisfying to you.
        
        6. Work on stress management
        
        There’s almost always an emotional component behind cravings. You’re more likely to grab the Cheetos or leftover cookies when you’re upset or stressed by something. Consider how you may be eating as a way to stuff feelings, distract yourself, or procrastinate. Practice redirecting yourself when you feel the urge to reach for food instead of doing what needs to be done, or saying what needs to be said.
        
        7. Get more sleep
        
        Most people don’t get nearly enough sleep. And while you’re probably aware of the effects on your mood or energy level, you may not know that lack of sleep is also thought to play a big role in junk food cravings. A recent study in SleepTrusted Source showed that sleep restriction resulted in more hunger and less ability to control the intake of “palatable snacks.”
  - - - Fruit contains sugar as well as vitamins, antioxidants, and water. It also contains fiber, which helps to regulate blood sugar levels by slowing and balancing the effects. The sugar crash is avoided as a result of this. Fruit will taste a lot sweeter and more gratifying once you've weaned yourself off of processed sugar.
    - - taking a walk or run, yoga, meditating for a few minutes, taking some deep breaths, talking to a trusted friend or family member, doing something creative like painting, journaling,...
    - - Hunger is one of the biggest reasons why we experience cravings. To avoid getting extremely hungry, it may be a good idea to eat regularly and have healthy snacks close at hand.
  - - - Raise higher taxes on junk food and support the provision of fresh food
    - - Longer lunch breaks and rules restricting employee working hours could improve people's eating habits
    - - Make people aware of the toxicity of fast food
    - - Adjust ingredients in fast food, use fresh food instead of ingredients that adversely affect the body
  - - - include a lots of vitamins, minerals and fibre.
        
        Help to prevent heart disease, high blood pressure, some type of cancers and lose weight.
  - - - Fruit has sugar, but it has a lot of vitamins, antioxidants, and water
      - It also contains fiber, which slows and balances out the effects on your blood sugar.
      - Once you wean yourself off of manufactured sugar, fruit will taste a lot sweeter and more satisfying to you.
    - - Try to purchase items like fresh vegetables, fruits, proteins
      - If a food item has more than a few ingredients on the label (or ones you can’t pronounce), don’t buy it.
    - - Planning your meals and snacks ahead of time
    - - Avoid trans fats and limit saturated fats, but heart-healthy fats like nuts and avocado will help you feel full and reduce cravings.
    - - Proteins makes you feel full
      - Ex: fish,beans,vegetables,nuts
    - - Add some new and different foods to your routine
      - Eating diverse foods of many colors boosts your overall health and helps with disease prevention
      - Examples include purple potatoes, red beets, orange carrots, and green kale, bell pepper, etc
    - - When you’re upset or stressed by something, you will feel carved and need some junk food. Or your blood sugar is low and you need an energy boost. Try to do some simple exercises.
    - - A recent study in sleep showed that sleep restriction resulted in more hunger and less ability to control intake of “palatable snacks.”
- - - - Eating meat is proven to provide plenty of nutrients and protein that our human bodies need in order to keep on going
      - We need to eat the animals because if not then the over population of cows, pigs and other farm animals would eventually cause big ruckus in the economy stability or even worse, destroy the whole civilization
      - The environment is actually fine with us eating meat because we aren't causing any direct major changes to the soil or the atmosphere. Most of the pollution are actually caused by big oil companies, about 80% of the world's air and water pollution are caused by the top 100 companies
      - Go vegetarian or vegan is a nice change of pace but it doesn't mean that eating meat is bad. Instead of just doing what ever the internet tells you, try putting in more research on what you eat daily. this helps raise your awareness on what you're eating and shows that meat is great for your bodies.
- - - - Disagree
        
        It a tradition in many culture to eat meat for meal and ceremonies
        
        Some people just refuse to change to a vegetarian diet
        
        Meat taste really good
        
        etc
      - Agree
        
        Lower risk of heart diseases
        
        Better for the environment
        
        It healthier being a vegetarian
        
        In the future, you properly can't even tell real meat and non meat meat apart.