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6 Types of Assessment - Coggle Diagram
6 Types of Assessment
Norm-Referenced Assessments (Carla Nelson)
Definition: Norm Referenced Tests compare a student's performance against the performance of their peers
Uses/Benefits
Scores provide a general indication of strengths and weaknesses of a group of students compared to another group of students perhaps at different schools
Norms provide a frame of reference to compare a student's test scores & performance scores of other students in similar programs
NRA's ascertain the "rank" of students
Used to evaluate basic reading, writing and math skills
Used to measure academic progress
Used to make & revise course assignments
Used to determine readiness for grade promotion/graduation
Used to identify academic support
Disadvantages
Difficult to find a language test that is reliable & valid
NRA's don't accommodate for cultural variation or individual variation
Scores don't necessarily show what the student has achieved, only how the student compares to other students in the comparison group
Examples of NRA's
Olympics
SAT's
IQ tests
Reference:
https://www.edglossary.org/norm-referenced-test/
Diagnostic Assessment (Nick Gerstenlauer)
Examples
Short Quizzes
Journal Entries
Student Interviews
Student Reflections
Classroom Discussions
Graphic Organizers
Mind Maps
Flow Charts
KWL Charts
Game-Based
Prodigy
Kahootz
Use of Diagnostic Assessment
Easy Data Collection
Often used as a pre-assessment
Whole Class Analysis
Purpose of Diagnostic Assessment
Discovery Students' Knowledge Base
Discovery Students' Performance Base
What are the students' needs?
What has to be taught?
Helps teachers ask themselves, "What performance demonstrates knowledge?"
References
https://pdo.ascd.org/lmscourses/PD11OC117/media/DI-Assessment_M1_Reading_Assessment.pdf
https://www.edutopia.org/assessment-guide-importance
Formative Assessment (Pip Kershaw and Tom)
Formative assessment is an 'in process' evaluation of a student's learning progress. Formative assessment helps a teacher to identify a student's needs and provides the opportunity to help the student better understand.
Examples of formative assessment:
Online games such as: kahoot, blooket
Composition drafts
Quiz
Exit and entry slips
Poll
Self-feedback
Benefits of formative assessment
Evaluates a students learning progress
Allows the teacher to adjust the content delivery
Gives the students the opportunity to improve
Allows a student to see their own progress
Types of Formative Assessment
Pre-assessment
Before unit of study begins
Formal or informal
not graded (purely diagnostic)
Used to discover:
what students already know or are able to do.
What, if any, pre-teaching is necessary for the target content to be accessible.
student's interest and learning profile for differentiation / tailoring
Ongoing assessment
formal or informal
Occurs at regular intervals throughout learning process
determines whether students are learning target material and, if not, what adjustments need to be made
can also be used to develop or refine interest /learning profile
should be rarely if ever graded
Ipsative Assessment
(Benjamin Weeks and Joel Bastedo)
Ipsative assessments
involve sets of two or more assessments of the same material. They motivate students to set goals and improve their skills. By comparing previous and current results, they measure learning and progress rather than achievements of prescribed standards.
Examples
of how Ipsative Assessments can be implemented
Project Based Learning
, where students receive grades and feedback at several steps of the project and are free to revisit those parts and improve their work.
Two-stage testing
, where students receive feedback on their first attempt, then set targets and devise strategies for improvement on the second.
Portfolios
, where students keep their work to demonstrate their progress and improvement throughout a period of study.
Advantages
Providing ipsative feedback helps focus on what the learner needs to do next rather than dwelling on the inadequacies of current performance.
Some students are more likely to act on ipsative feedback than highly critical feedback.
This form of assessment can help students develop an idea of self-assessment and make them more self-reliant when it comes to improving upon their own performance.
Disadvantages
It can be hard to get hold of previous student records in order to demonstrate progress though this is probably likely to be easier as more stuff is recorded digitally
You can't completely disassociate yourself from external targets. At some point the student is going to have to work towards goals imposed on them from outside. Though they may be encouraged at first by whatever progress they make, they may be brought down to earth at something like a univeristy entrance exam.
Students may see inconsistency between positive ipsative and developmental feedback and a low grade or mark and those with high grades may be complacent and less interested in progression goals
The majority of students will be more motivated by a grade orientated program than by just progress and developmental feedback. There would have to be a wider change in approaches at an institutional level for this kind of approach to become widely effective.
References:
(n.d.). Office 365 Login | Microsoft Office.
https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fassessmentcareers.jiscinvolve.org%2Fwp%2Ffiles%2F2012%2F10%2FIpsative-Assessment-publicity-leaflet.docx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK
,
(n.d.). UCL Discovery - UCL Discovery.
https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1541050/1/Use%20of%20self%20referential%20feedback%20final%20draft.pdf
Criterion-Referenced Assessments (Meg Navarro)
What it is
Why it's used
Examples
Resources
In this video, you will find more information about criterion-referenced assessments:
https://youtu.be/BF8NsKr75Pw
6 Types of Assessment (and How to Use Them)
September 24, 2021
https://www.prodigygame.com/main-en/blog/types-of-assessment/
These can be used in the classroom, high school exit exams, citizenship tests. Examples: Advanced Placement exams and the National Assessment of Educational Progress
Criterion-Referenced Assessments are used because it helps students do their best work because there is usually a rubric so that they know what is expected of them. It helps students try their best and to compare their progress to standards rather than comparing themselves to other students.
With Criterion-Referenced Assessments, the student's score is compared to a grade-level standard or performance level. The student is not compared to other students.
Summative Assessments (David)
