Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Topic 5 - Causes of uneven development. - Coggle Diagram
Topic 5 - Causes of uneven development.
Aid
Short-term aid
Emergency aid, follows a disaster; earthquake, hurricane, famine. Provision of food, water, medical help and shelter.
Long-term aid
Sustainable development, improvements to infrastructure or education, agriculture & health care.
Aid is a transfer of resources from one country to another. Normally from a rich to poor country.
Types of aid
Voluntary aid - Given from individuals to non-governmental organisations or charties who direct aid.
Bilateral aid - Receiving country has to give something back (usually illegal)
Official government aid - Given directly to another government, government controls spending.
Multilateral aid - Provided my many counties, organisied by nation like UN.
Physical factors
Landlocked countries
Countries without a coastline lack the benefits of sea travel.
doesn't have an international boarder which offers big opportunities for trading with other nations.
Tropical environment
Tropical environments (hot and wet) are prone to pests and disease - spreads rapidly.
Malaria, spread by mosquitos. Water-borne diseases - such a cholera. It can devastate communities and peoples ability to work.
Relief
Mountainous regions are remote and have poor infrastructure. And they prone to extreme weather conditions.
Water shortages
Essential for life and development. Shortages of water such as in Africa.
Weather and climate
Heavy rainfall, droughts, extreme heat or cold & vulnerability to tropical cyclones stops economic development.
Human Factors
History
AC's have a history of development from agricultural & industrial growth & and international trading.
It's made them very developed & wealthy.
In recent decades rapid industrialisation has taken place in EDC's.
Coloniasation and exploitation of resources
LIDC's were colonised and exploited for their raw materials - made use of cheap labor.
This when global development became uneven.
When countries became independent and struggled with bad infrastructure, lack of administrative experience and political instability.
Trade
Between nations involves the import and export of goods and services.
LIDC's have limited access to markets.
LIDC's trade low-value raw materials - agricultural products and minerals.
Value of raw materials has decreased over the years.
Exploitation of natural resources
Agricultural and minerals were exploited by colonial powers and exported to AC's.
LIDC's were paid low prices for the most value adding
Poverty
Lack of money in a household, community or country slows development.
Prevents improvements to living conditions, infrastructure, sanitation, education and training.
Without them developments in agriculture and industry will slow and economy will fail.
Aid promoting and hindering
Promoting
Improved education will increase literacy and standard of living.
Improved health care will reduce child mortality and lower birth rates, and increase life expectancy.
In agriculture, it can increase food productivity and wealth.
Provision of basic services can lead to healthier life, and people can improve their life.
Hindering
Provision of emergency aid can undercut local farmers and producers, forcing them out of business.
Lack of coordination between aid donors can create an imbalance of support.
Inappropriate aid can increase dependency of AC;s e.g. spare parts and energy.
Animal aid schemes can increase livestock in areas already sufferings water shortages and desertification.
cool