Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Liberalism, nationalism and democracy - Coggle Diagram
Liberalism, nationalism and democracy
The European revolutions
of the 19th century
took place because many people refused to
accept the Restoration of the Ancien Régime
were based on two ideologies
liberalism
nationalism
democracy
LIBERALISM
an ideology that advocates individual liberties
freedom of expression and association
the right to choose political representatives
the right to life
the right to own private property
it has its origins in
Enlightenment ideas
British liberalism
which had triumphed with the Glorious Revolution
in
American independence
the French Revolution
Great Britain
From a social point of view
it represented the interests of the bourgeoisie
in particular
wealthy bourgeoisie
bankers and large property owners
The key principles
which 19th-century liberals supported
were
constitutions
that guaranteed citizens
rights
liberties
constitutional monarchy
as the form of government
the separation of powers
executive power
held by the monarch and the government
legislative power
held by the cortes or parliament
judicial power
held by the courts
popular sovereignty
through limited male suffrage
based on property ownership
individual liberties
freedom of association and expression
freedom of the press
freedom of religion
Liberal political parties in the 19th century
All liberal political parties shared the same principles
but
they did not always agree
on how to put them into practice
Moderate liberals
sovereignty should be shared between the monarch and the cortes
The monarch
would have the power to
dissolve
parliament
call
They accepted freedom
of the press
but
they supported some prior censorship
of speech
They supported very limited male suffrage
only men with a lot of property could vote
This would ensure
only the wealthy bourgeoisie
would be able to vote
thereby protecting their interests
Radical or progressive liberals
they thought that sovereignty belonged
only to the people
represented by the cortes or parliament
they believed in unrestricted freedom
of the press
of speech
They supported limited male suffrage
with a much lower property requirement
so a greater number of men could vote
including small property owners
NATIONALISM
it is an ideology
that advocates the right
of people who define themselves as a nation
to form independent states
it's origin
the struggle of many European countries against the Napoleonic Empire
key principles in 19th-century
the nation-state based on a population with common links
a common
history
language
culture
It should also have
clear territorial boundaries
popular sovereignty
all citizens would feel part of the nation
each nation
should choose its own form of government
two types of nationalism
Separatist nationalism
advocated independence for regions that formed part of multinational states
Serbians
in the Ottoman Empire
Bulgarians
Greeks
Unification nationalism
advocated the unification of independent states
DEMOCRACY
democratic movements
advocated ordinary people's right to participate in politics
Their supporters wanted to end
economic
inequalities
produced by bourgeois liberalism
social
petite bourgeoisie
labourers and peasants
did not have much or any property
they did not have the right to vote
rejected the limited male suffrage
imposed by the wealthy bourgeoisie
key principles in 19th-century
universal manhood suffrage
all men should have the right to vote
the people would be able to vote
for the political party that best represented their interests
rather than only the interests of the bourgeoisie
a preference for the republic as a form of government
since they considered hereditary monarchy
to be
incompatible with democracy