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Grant et Al- Evaluation - Coggle Diagram
Grant et Al- Evaluation
Research Method
Fulfills the scientific criteria: control, evidence, theory and replication
Independent Measures Design: challenges design validity as could be individual differences between the participants influencing the findings i.e. lack of interest in the study, ability to pay attention or the way they learn best. BUT ensures no demand characteristics as only complete study once so can't guess aim
Controlled Lab experiment: same 2 types of test, all wore headphones in every condition, same procedure, same article on psychoimmunology and instructions meaning can repeat study
Ethics
Fully ethically sound, Informed consent gained, briefed about task before starting, told that the study was voluntary and could withdraw if wanted to
After study: fully debriefed and told the true aim of study so weren't deceived and could withdraw if feel they wanted to
Data
Quantitative data gained through test scores which can be summarized and compared between conditions i.e. recall out of 10 and recognition out of 16 so mismatching and matching conditions could be compared showing context dependent memory effect
Validity
Standardized procedure: All had same article, same noise in noisy, same questions on recall and recognition tests and wore headphones in every condition removing extraneous variables so procedure can be repeated
Ecological Validity
High: Task realistic to everyday life as students are likely to be given information and have to recall it
Low: Lab experiment so is an artificial setting, all wore headphones and some had background noise played through headphones which isn't realistic to real life
Low: normally information delivered to students to be tested on is given more than a few mins before examination but in study immediately tested on article so memory will respond differently
Reliability
Highly controlled lab experiment: meets scientific criteria, standardized and controls extraneous variables meaning can be replicated to improve reliability of findings
Evidence: Provides evidence to support idea of context dependent memory by having participants learn and recall in different matching and mismatching conditions
Sample:
Opportunity Sampling: 8 student Researchers selected 5 participants at random. Convenient and cost effective as can just pick random people from the Uni.
BUT risks biased samples as researchers may pick a certain type of person who will give results they want (good/bad memory)/ friends of theirs who will have similar backgrounds & characteristics= sample not varied or representative of target population so can't be generalized
Sample= 39 Uni students mean age 23.4. Students adapted for a task like this as regularly have to learn and recall information so memory may be better so results can't be applied to non-students
Ethnocentrism
Not: Cognitive processes such as context dependent memory depend on physiognomy of our brain, not ethnocentric as look at species- specific behavior and findings show human memory is context dependent
Sample: all American Uni students (tend to have high IQ), no cross-cultural further research has been done on other non-western countries or cultures to confirm universal findings