Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
pragmatics - Coggle Diagram
pragmatics
brown and levison 1987. negative politeness
indicating difference
apologising
pessimism
impersonalising
hedging
types of context
social context
epistemic context
linguistic context
physical context
physcal context
where the conversation is taking place.
what actions are occurring
what objects are present
anything in the immediate area which might affect the conversation
Grices maxims
maxim of quantity
maxim of relation
Maxim of quality
maxim of manner
pragmatics
context is needed for it to make sense
epistemic context
what speakers know about the world.
linguistic context
refers to what has already been said in the utterance.
social context
the social relationship among speakers and hearers.
context.
history/ background story behind the conversation.
deixis
cannot be understood without context.
synthetic personalisation
addressing the audience as if they were individuals.
context dependent language
won't be understood without the additional linguistic context or the individual.
lexically ambiguous
unclear language
implicature
how hearers manage to work out the complete when speakers mean more than they say.
flaunting maxims
not using a maxim on purpose
brown and levison 1987. positive politeness
being complimentary and gracious to the addressee (but this is overdone, the speaker may alienate the other party)